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Nervous system > anatomy of the brain > Flashcards

anatomy of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial bone is the pituitary gland located in

A

sphenoid bone
(sella turcica)

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2
Q

what is the name of the suture between the frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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3
Q

what is the name of the suture between the 2 parietal bones at top of the head

A

saggital suture

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4
Q

what is the name of the suture between occipital bone and 2 parietal bones

A

lamboid suture

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5
Q

what is the name of there suture between parietal and temporal bone

A

squamous suture

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6
Q

what is the name of the suture between parietal, temporal and occipital bones

A

occipital mastoid

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7
Q

define a fontanelle

A

membranous gaps that haven’t fused in neonates

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8
Q

name the 2 fontanelles

A

frontal and occipital fontanelles

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9
Q

what 3 bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal
ethnic
sphenoid

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10
Q

what 3 bones make up the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid
2x temporal bones

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11
Q

what 3 bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

occipital
2x parietal

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12
Q

describe the cortical association of the frontal lobe

A

higer intellect, mood, personality, motor function

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13
Q

describe the cortical association of the parietal lobe

A

touch perception and orientation

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14
Q

describe the cortical association of the temporal lobe

A

auditory processing, memory and language

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15
Q

describe the cortical association of the occipital lobe

A

visual processing

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16
Q

what are gyri in the brain

A

ridges of brin tissue

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17
Q

what is the location of the primary motor cortex

A

pre central gyrus

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18
Q

what is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex

A

post central gyrus

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19
Q

what is the location of the sound processing cortex

A

superior temporal gyrus

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20
Q

what are Sulci in the brain

A

grooves or depressions

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21
Q

name the 4 main sulci of the brain

A

longitudinal
central
lateral
lunate

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22
Q

what lobes are separated by the central sulci

A

frontal and pariteal

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23
Q

what lobes are separated by the lateral sulci

A

temporal lobe separated from frontal/ parietal

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24
Q

where is the lunate sulci

A

occipital cortex

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25
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

co-ordination and balance

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26
Q

name the 3 parts of the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe
posteriolateral fissure

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27
Q

what is the function of the brainstem

A

autonomic function

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28
Q

what are the 3 sections of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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29
Q

what is the function of the limbic system

A

memory, emotion and autonomic function

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30
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia

A

refines cortical activity to prevent unwanted or exaggerated movement

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31
Q

what are the 4 major structures of the limbic system

A

thalamus
hippocampus
basal ganglia
amygdala

32
Q

name the 2 main arterial supply of the brain

A

carotid artery and basilar artery

33
Q

describe how the carotid artery branches in the circle of willis

A

to anterior and middle cerebral arteries

34
Q

describe how the basilar artery branches in the circle of willis

A

posterior cerebral arteries

35
Q

what regions of the brain are supplied by anterior cerebral artery

A

medial section frontal and pariteal lobe

36
Q

what regions of the brain are supplied by medial cerebral artery

A

lateral section of parietal and temporal lobe

37
Q

what regions of the brain are supplied by posterior cerebral artery

A

occipital lobe

38
Q

what is the main arterial supply of the cerebellum

A

cerebellar arteries

39
Q

what is the main arterial supply of the brainstem

A

branches of basilar artery

40
Q

what is the mechanism that brain controls blood flow called

A

perfusion pressure

41
Q

describe the arterial response to low blood pressure in the brain

A

increased CO2 (hyercarbia) so blood vessels dilate

42
Q

describe the arterial response to high blood pressure in the brain

A

decreased CO2 (hypocarbia) so blood vessels constrict

43
Q

describe the location of duras venous sinuses

A

between the 2 layers of dura mater (periosteal and meningeal)

44
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain into

A

interjugular vein

45
Q

describe the location of the cavernous and sigmoid sinuses

A

under frontal lobe

46
Q

how is blood brought to dural venous sinuses

A

deep and superficial veins

47
Q

what are meninges

A

membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord

48
Q

what is the outermost meningeal layer

A

dura mater

49
Q

name the 2 layers of the dura mater

A

periosteal and meningeal

50
Q

describe the arachnoid mater

A

avascular tissue

51
Q

what is the space between dura mater and arachnoid mater called

A

subdural space

52
Q

what is the space between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater called

A

subarachnoid space

53
Q

where is the CSF located

A

subarachnoid space

54
Q

what is the name of the innermost meninges

A

pia mater

55
Q

where is the CSF produced

A

choroid plexus by ependymal cells

56
Q

describe the movement of CSF through ventricles of ventricular system

A

lateral ventricle to third ventricle to fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space

57
Q

how is CSF moved from subarachnoid space to venous sinuses in dura after

A

arachnoid granulations

58
Q

what is the role of CSF (3)

A

-transfer medium for nutrients waste and neurotransmitters
-cushions brain
-ICP regulation

59
Q

where is the blood brain barrier

A

between blood and brain tissue

60
Q

what is the role of the blood brain barrier

A

regulate molecule movement in and out of the brain

restricts movement of water soluble molecules

61
Q

how many vertebrae bones is there

A

33

62
Q

what lines the vertebrae bones

A

hyaline cartilage

63
Q

what are the 2 parts of the fibrocartilage intervertebral disk

A

nucleus popleus
annulus fibrosis

64
Q

describe the natural spine curve

A

lydosis at cervical spine
kyphosis at thoracic spine
lydosis at lumbar spine

65
Q

describe the blood supply of the spinal cord/ vertebrae

A

3 spinal arteries
2x posterior
1x anterior

66
Q

describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord/ vertebrae

A

6 veins
3x posterior
3x anterior

67
Q

how many spinal chords are in each section of the vertebrae

A

cervical = 8
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacral = 5

68
Q

where does the spinal cord taper

A

L2

69
Q

what is the name of the tapering spinal nerves

A

conus medullaris

70
Q

where is CSF taken from in lumbar puncture

A

between L3 and L4

71
Q

what is the function of posterior spinal nerve

A

sensory

72
Q

what is the function of anterior spinal nerve

A

motor

73
Q

what is in grey matter

A

cell bodies

74
Q

what is in white matter

A

axons

75
Q

what is the consequence of raised ICP

A

herniation through foramen Magnus

76
Q

what is a precursor of raised ICP

A

bradycardia
hypertension

77
Q

what is the embryological derivative of the CNS

A

neural tube derived from ectoderm

Nervous system (13 decks)

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