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Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pain

A

Sudden secondary to illness or injury, less than 3 months

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2
Q

Chronic or long term pain

A

Recurring pain greater than 3 months at least 1 month

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3
Q

Inflammatory lain

A

Worse in AM, seen in RA

Responds to NSAIDs, moving/stretching, and heat

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4
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Shingles, diabetic neuropathy

Burning, shooting, changes with hot/cold

Lesions in central/peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

Pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to/resembling actual or potential tissue damage

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6
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sensory receptors in peripheral somatosensory nervous system, transduces and encodes noxious stimuli

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7
Q

Nocioplastic pain

A

Result if altered nociception without evidence of threat/actual tissue damage or disruption to somatosensory nervous system

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8
Q

Pain Assessment

A

Pain level at rest and with activity, use pain scales pt’s will understand,

Impact on function/functional limitations

Understanding pain mgmt strategies

Psycho social needs

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9
Q

Allodynia

A

Pain due to stimuli that does not normally provoke pain, unexpected

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10
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence if pain stimuli which would normally be painful

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11
Q

Anesthesia dolorosa

A

Pain in region which is an esthetic, trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

Causalgia

A

Syndrome of sustained burning oain, allodynia and hyperapathia after a traumatic nerve lesion

Combined with vasomotor abdominal sudomotor dysfunction and later trophic changes

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13
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Unpleasant abnormal sensation whether spontaneous or evoked

Differs from paresthesia as paresthesia may not be unpleasant, dysesthesia is unpleasant

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14
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Increased pain from stimuli that normally provokes lain, increased lain on suprathreshold

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15
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Increaser sensitivity to stimuli excluding special senses, locus/stun specified, cutaneous sensibility ie touch/thermal may be with or without pain

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16
Q

Hyperapathia

A

Painful syndrome with abnormally painful reaction to stimulus especially repetitive stimuli as well as increased thresholds

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17
Q

Hypoalgesia

A

Decreased pain response to normally painful stimulus

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18
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

Decreased sensitivity to stimulation, excludes special senses

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19
Q

Neuralgia

A

Pain in distribution of nerve

20
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of nerves

21
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain by lesion or disease of somatosensory nervous system

22
Q

Central neuropathic pain

A

Caused by lesion or disease if central nervous somatosensory system

23
Q

Peripheral neuropathic pain

A

Pain due to lesions/disease of peripheral somatosensory system

24
Q

Neuropathy

A

Disturbance of function or pathological change in a nerve, if diffused b/l =polyneuropathy

25
Nociceptive pain
Pain from actual/threatened damage to non neural tissue secondary to activation of nociceptors
26
Pain threshold
Min intensity of stimulis that is perceived as painful
27
Pain tolerance
Max intensity of pain producing stimuli subject is willing to accept
28
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation
29
Sensitization
Increased responsiveness of neurons to normal input, response to normally subthreshold inputs
30
Central sensitization
Central nervous somatosensory
31
Arthritis types
RA Lupus Fibromyalgia OA most common Gout Psoriatic arthritis
32
OA
Hands, hips, knees, cartilage within joint breaks down and underlying bone changes Develops slowly worsens overtime Sx: pain/aching, stiffness, decreased ROM, swelling
33
RA
Autoimmune/inflammatory disease with increased inflammation Many joints at once, joint lining becomes inflamed, long-lasting pain, unsteadiness, and deformity Effects lungs, heart, and eyes as well Sx: pain/aching in more than 1 joint, stiffness, swelling, tenderness, same symptoms bilaterally, weight loss, fever, fatigue, weakness
34
RA risk factors
Age, sex (2-3x more in women), smoking, live births, early life exposures, genetic, obesity Breast feeding reduces risks Medical tx=medication/self mgmt strategies Complications include premature heart disease, obesity, decreased employment and work loss
35
Gout
Inflammatory arthritis affecting 1 joint at a time Characterized by flares with worsening symptoms multiple times Caused by hyperuricemia, increased uric acid Tx: manage pain w. NSAID/diet prevent flares by limiting alcohol and med mgmt
36
Fibromyalgia
Caused by pain all over the body Sx: sleep problems, fatigue, emotional/mental distress, increased sensitivity of pain, pain/stiffness all over body, depression/anxiety, problems with concentration, memory, thinking, headaches, tingling/numbness in hand and feet, digestive problems, pain in face/jaw
37
Fibromyalgia risk factors
Age H/o lupus/R Sex (2x more in women) Stressful/traumatic events Repetitive injuries Family history Obesity Illness
38
Fibromyalgia complications
Increased rheumatic conditions, increased suicide/injury rates, increased depression, decreased QOL, increased hospitalizations
39
Fibromyalgia treatment
Medication, aerobic exercise, pt education, stress mgmt, good sleep habits, CBT
40
Psoriatic arthritis
Chronic inflammation of skin, joints with pain, stiffness, swelling, alongside psoriasis, chronic autoimmune skin disease increased growth cycle of skin cells
41
Lupus
Chronic autoimmune disease, attacks itself
42
Arthritis Assessment tools
COPM assesses pain, ROM, functional limitations, psychosocial needs, support/access to equipment
43
RA interventions
Physical activity: aerobic, resistive, aquatic exercise, tai chi, yoga, dynamic exercise Psychoeducational: evidence supports gen. Ed on RA, CBT, self-mgmt, joint protection, symptom mgmt and self
44
Arthritis self mgmt program
Improved tenderness/swelling x 4 sessions Includes mindfulness techniques, self-efficacy to increase psychosocial and physical function
45
OA intervention
Psychoeducational: increases feelings of fulfillment, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation =effective pain mgmt, moderate evidence for CBT for sleep/pain mgmt Physical activity: strong evidence, increased physical activity decreases pain and increases fulfillment Diaries, education, groups, tailored activity programs Moderate evidence for tai chi, aquatic, aerobic, resistive
46
Fibromyalgia intervention
Multidisciplinary/multi-component interventions Strong evidence for aquatic tx to increaser function and reduce pain/stiffness mindfulness based tx, mod support of CBT, strengthening, aerobic 8-12 week, yoga, pilates, tai chi
47
Lupus intervention
Strong evidence if 10 week CBT with emphasis on a decreased stress, depression, anxiety and increase ability to function socially Mod evidence for psychoeducational intervention, group vs couple therapy

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