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Asia (Korea and Vietnam) > Pages 3-5 of ASIA A5 booklet (The causes of the Korean War) > Flashcards

Pages 3-5 of ASIA A5 booklet (The causes of the Korean War) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Manchuria?

A

In China.

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2
Q

What is the name for communist Russia?

A

USSR

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3
Q

What is the USSR’s army called?

A

The Red Army.

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4
Q

What is the atom bomb?

A

A bomb used by the USA to defeat Japan. It could destroy an entire city.

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5
Q

What is financial support?

A

Money given to help fight the war.

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6
Q

What is the UN?

A

The United Nations is an international organisation set up to keep peace.

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7
Q

What is a Capitalist country?

A

A country which believes in private ownership and money.

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8
Q

What is a communist country?

A

A country which believes in common ownership by the state and people.

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9
Q

When did the Japanese surrender to the USA?

A

The Japanese surrendered to the USA on 2nd September 1945. This is when WW2 ended.

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10
Q

What happened to Japan when they surrendered to the USA?

A

The USA took over Japan and now controlled a lot of Asian territory.

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11
Q

Why did the Red Army have their troops in Manchuria and Northern Korea?

A

The USSR had joined the war against Japan and had troops from its Red Army in Manchuria and Northern Korea.

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12
Q

When the USSR was fighting against Japan in WW2, why were they still no match for the USA?

A

They had not yet developed an atom bomb.

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13
Q

What were both China and the USSR dependent on after WW2?

A

China and the USSR were both dependent on the USA providing financial support, as they had been allies against Japan during the war.

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14
Q

What was France trying to do after WW2?

A

France was a power in Asia after the war and was trying to regain control of Indo China; Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

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15
Q

Which countries was Britain in control of in Asia after the war?

A

Britain possessed Burma, India and Malaya after the war.

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16
Q

What happened to Britain within 2 years of after the war?

A

Within 2 years Britain had left Asia, and the USA had taken over her influence. This is because Britain was bankrupt.

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17
Q

What peace conference took place which split Korea in 2?

A

The Potsdam Conference took place in August 1945 which split the Korean Peninsula in 2.

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18
Q

At the Potsdam Conference which country was Korea taken from?

A

At the Potsdam Conference the Korean Peninsula was taken from Japanese control.

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19
Q

What was the dividing line in Korea called?

A

The 38th Parallel.

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20
Q

Which 2 countries took over the zones in Korea?

A

The USSR took over the North and the USA took over the South.

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21
Q

By 1945, how much of the world’s gold did the USA own?

A

By 1945 the USA owned 2 thirds of the world’s gold reserves.

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22
Q

By 9145, what else was the USA in control of?

A

By 1945 the USA also controlled half the world’s shipping and produced half the world’s manufactured goods.

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23
Q

How many warships did the USA own in 1945?

A

1,200 warships.

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24
Q

How many heavy bombers did the USA have in 1945?

A

2,000 heavy bombers.

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25
Q

How many long range B52 bombers did the USA own in 1945?

A

1,000 long range B52 bombers.

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26
Q

Where was the UN situated?

A

The UN was situated in New York.

27
Q

What did the USA create in 1948?

A

In 1948 the USA created the (capitalist) Republic of Korea (RoK) in the South.

28
Q

What did the USSR set up in September 1948?

A

The USSR created the (communist) Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in September 1948.

29
Q

What was the general feeling in the USA by the start of the 1950s? Why?

A

There was a lot of anti-communist feeling in the USA by the start of the 1950s. This was partly because they had very different political beliefs but also because the USSR had taken over many Eastern European countries by force by 1949.

30
Q

Who had the USA given money to between 1946-49 to protect themselves from communism? How much had they given?

A

Between 1946-49 the USA had given the nationalist under Chiang Kai-Shek $2 billion to stop the communist taking over.

31
Q

By 1949, where had Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to from the communists?

A

Chiang Kai-Shek had lost against the communist and retreated to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).

32
Q

In the late 1940s, what was President Truman watching?

A

President Truman of the USA watched Communism spreading into Malaya, Indonesia, Burma and the Philippines as well as Korea.

33
Q

In reaction to the USA’s fear of Communism taking over in Asia , what did President Truman do in 1947?

A

In 1947 Truman gave the Truman Doctrine.

34
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A

The Truman Doctrine stated that the USA would stop communism spreading (containment).

35
Q

After Mao Zedong’s communists took over China and Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Formosa, what did the USA refuse to accept?

A

They refused to recognise the communist government of China under Mao Zedong and carried on diplomacy with the nationalist government in Taiwan.

36
Q

Who was the communist leader of North Korea?

A

Kim Il Sung. He had been trained by the USSR and led a one party system. He worked hard to increase support against the south by asking Stalin for help.

37
Q

What did Kim Il Sung do against the south?

A

He started using guerrilla warfare against the south.

38
Q

How many communist supporters were already living in the south according to Kim Il Sung?

A

Kim Il Sung claimed that there were 200,000 communist supporters already living in the south.

39
Q

Who was elected into power in South Korea in 1948?

A

Syngman Rhee

40
Q

Why did Syngman Rhee have support of some Americans?

A

He was very anti-communist so gained the support of lots of Americans.

41
Q

What did Rhee want to do?

A

Rhee wanted to reunite the whole of Korea and remove all traces of communism from the North

42
Q

What did Rhee urge the USA to do?

A

He urged the USA to provide him with weapons to invade the North with. There was great hostility between Rhee and Sung.

43
Q

When did North Korea invade South Korea?

A

1950

44
Q

What did the North invade the South using?

A

The North invaded the South using equipment from the USSR and China

45
Q

Why did the USA have to respond to North Korea invading the South?

A

The Truman Doctrine.

46
Q

Why didn’t Stalin initially help North Korea during the war?

A

Stalin didn’t want to help because he didn’t want to upset the USA but this changed after China became Communist.

47
Q

Why did Stalin see Korea as an opportunity?

A

Stalin saw the Korean War as an opportunity to get his own back against the USA for the failed Berlin Blockade.

48
Q

What did Stalin want to do after China became communist?

A

Stalin wanted to show off his strength.

49
Q

By February 1950, how many pieces of artillery had Stalin given North Korea?

A

16,000 pieces of artillery.

50
Q

By February 1950, how many military aircraft had Stalin given North Korea?

A

178 military aircraft.

51
Q

By February 1950, how many T-34 tanks had Stalin given North Korea?

A

258 T-34 tanks.

52
Q

What did Stalin hope for by supporting North Korea in the war?

A

He hoped to strengthen the USSR’s borders by having a communist friend in Korea, damage American and Japanese power and gain economic opportunities for trade.

53
Q

Why did Stalin refuse to send troops?

A

Stalin refused to send troops as he didn’t want to risk war with the USA.

54
Q

Why didn’t China get involved in the Korean War?

A

Mao’s priority was to regain Taiwan and not to upset the USA so he didn’t get involved in Korea.

55
Q

China had to be seen supporting the war, so what did Mao do in mid 1950?

A

From mid 1950 he allowed “military volunteers” to support North Korea.

56
Q

When did China eventually join the war, why?

A

China eventually joined the war in November 1950 due to pressure from Stalin and the USSR.

57
Q

Until 1949, what was the USA’s main concern in Korea?

A

Until 1949, the USA’s main concern in Asia was Japan. They were also focused more on the threat of the USSR in Europe than in Korea.

58
Q

Following the North’s invasion of the South, what did Truman do?

A

Truman immediately sent warships and advisors to the waters around Korea.

59
Q

What did Americans fear that North Korea was trying to do?

A

Americans believed that North Korea was trying to unsettle Asia and that this might spread to Europe.

60
Q

Why was the USSR boycotting the Security Counil of the UN?

A

The USSR was boycotting the Security Council of the UN because it had refused to accept the communist government of China as being legal.

61
Q

What did this mean the USSR couldn’t do by them boycotting the UN?

A

This meant that the USSR couldn’t veto the resolution which called for an immediate ceasefire in Korea. This meant that Truman and the USA could turn their intervention into a UN intervention.

62
Q

Why did the USA have a strong say over the UN’s actions in Korea?

A

The USA was the biggest contributor to the UN’s budget so had a strong say over its actions.

63
Q

Why was the USA acting under the UN good for America?

A

It removed responsibility from the USA yet still allowed it to try and contain communism. The USA believed that the UN would protect South Koreans. The USA also had international backing for getting involved.

Asia (Korea and Vietnam) (9 decks)

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