Page 6 of ASIA A5 booklet (The development of the Korean War)

Question 1

When was Phase 1 of the Korean War?

Answer 1

Phase 1 was between June and September 1950.

Question 2

What was Phase 2 of the Korean War?

Answer 2

Phase 2 was between September and November 1950.

Question 3

When was Phase 3 of the Korean War?

Answer 3

Phase 3 of the Korean War was between December 150 and June 1951.

Question 4

When was Phase 4 of the Korean War?

Answer 4

Phase 4 was between June 1951 and July 1953.

Question 5

What is the name of the communist North Korea?

Answer 5

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

Question 6

What happened in June 1950 (Phase 1)?

Answer 6

In June 1950, North Korea rapidly advanced into the south, helped by the equipment of the USSR and China.

Question 7

Where did the North’s troops push the southern troops back to?

Answer 7

In June 1950 (Phase 1), North Korea captured the capital city Seoul and then pushed the southern troops back as far as Pusan in the SE corner.

Question 8

In Phase 1, where had Chinese troops assembled ready to fight back and what was happening to the UN?

Answer 8

Chinese troops had amassed in Manchuria ready to move into Korea to support the communists.
The UN forces were being assembled ready to start the fight back.

Question 9

How many states agreed to provide military, economic and medical aid to the UN?

Answer 9

29 states.

Question 10

Who was put in charge of the UN?

Answer 10

General Douglas MacArthur

Question 11

What was the UN’s initial aim in Korea?

Answer 11

The UN wanted to cut off Communist supply lines which were passing through Seoul.

Question 12

Where did the UN storm ashore in Korea in order to cut off Communist supply lines?

Answer 12

The UN stormed ashore in Inchon on the west of Korea next to Seoul in September September 1950.

Question 13

What happened at the same time as the UN stormed ashore in Inchon?

Answer 13

Other UN forces and South Korean troops advanced from Pusan.

Question 14

What was the result of the UN storming Korea?

Answer 14

The North Koreans were driven back beyond their original border of the 38th parallel and by the end of September MacArthur had retaken Seoul.

Question 15

As the UN pushed the communist forces north, what did they ignore?

Answer 15

The UN ignored China’s warning that pushing too far north would bring the Chinese into the war and by October, US forces, on behalf of the UN, had reached the Yalu River and the Chinese border. It was clear that the USA was trying to remove communism from the north entirely.

Question 16

What had MacArthur underestimated?

Answer 16

MacArthur had underestimated the force of China.

Question 17

When did the Chinese launch an attack on the UN?

Answer 17

Late in October 1950, the Chinese troops (People’s Volunteers) launched an attack.

Question 18

How many Chinese troops attacked the UN and South Korean forces in late October 1950?

Answer 18

200,000 Chinese troops.

Question 19

Why were the Chinese troops so successful?

Answer 19

The soldiers were committed to Communism and Hated the Americans. They had modern tanks and planes provided by the USSR

Question 20

Where did the Chinese push the UN forces back to?

Answer 20

The Chinese troops overwhelmed the UN forces. In January 1951 the UN forces were pushed out of Seoul and only after weeks of bitter fighting were they able to push the Chinese back to the 38th Parallel. Stalemate had now been reached.

Question 21

Why did Truman and MacArthur fall out?

Answer 21

Truman and MacArthur fell out because MacArthur wanted to attack China with nuclear weapons and despite a warning from Truman and the UN, that this might pull the USSR into the war MacArthur openly threatened China.

Question 22

When did MacArthur openly threaten China with nuclear weapons?

Answer 22

MacArthur openly threatened China with nuclear weapons in March 1951?

Question 23

When did Truman sack MacArthur, why?

Answer 23

In April 1951 Truman sacked MacArthur as he believed that the objective of removing communism from South Korea had been achieved.

Question 24

When did peace talks between the North and South begin?

Answer 24

Peace talks between North and South began in June 1951.

Question 25

Why did Initial peace talks make no progress?

Answer 25

The peace talks which began in June 1951 made no progress because of a dispute over the exchange of prisoners.

Question 26

When did peace talks begin again for the second time?

Answer 26

Peace talks began again in 1952 but bitter fighting continued.

Question 27

Who was Truman replaced by?

Answer 27

In 1952, Truman was replaced by Eisenhower who wanted to end the war.

Question 28

When did Stalin die, and who replaced him?

Answer 28

Stalin died in March 1953 and was replaced by the less aggressive Malenkov. This meant that the Chinese and North Koreans became less confident.

Question 29

When and where was an armistice eventually signed?

Answer 29

An armistice was finally signed in Panmunjom in July 1953.

Question 30

What 3 things did the armistice confirm?

Answer 30

The armistice confirmed that:

• There would be a 2 mile demilitarised zone either side of the 38th Parallel.
• All military forces should withdraw to their own territory.
• Prisoner exchange would begin.