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Asia (Korea and Vietnam) > Pages 13-14 of Asia A5 booklet (End of the French Colonial Rule, Geneva Agreement and life in S. Vietnam) > Flashcards

Pages 13-14 of Asia A5 booklet (End of the French Colonial Rule, Geneva Agreement and life in S. Vietnam) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 factors that lead to the end of the French Colonial rule?

A 
USA's role
China's role
Areas of control
Guerrilla tactics
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
People power
French retalliation
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2
Q

When did the USA provide France with transport planes?

A

30th June 1950

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3
Q

How many transport planes did the USA give France on 30th June 1950?

A

8 transport planes.

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4
Q

What did the USA provide France with in 1950?

A

8 transport planes

Later that year they gave them a ship crammed with military goods.

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5
Q

What was the total aid given to the French by the USA?

A

10,000 tons of equipment per month

$500 million per year.

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6
Q

How much of the cost did the USA cover in the war between France and the Viet Minh?

A

The USA covered 75-80% of the cost of the war.

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7
Q

What year did China become communist?

A

1949

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8
Q

Why did China becoming communist stop the USA from supporting Vietnam?

A

When China became communist they started supporting Ho Chi Minh. This made the USA realise that Ho Chi Minh was also communist.

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9
Q

What did Ho Chi Minh want?

A

He wanted to unite Vietnam by gaining independence.

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10
Q

Which areas did the French and Viet Minh generally control?

A

The French generally controlled the towns whilst the Viet Minh generally controlled the countryside.

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11
Q

The fact that the Viet Minh were in control of the countryside, what did this mean?

A

This allowed the Viet Minh to use guerrilla tactics which the French found impossible to beat.

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12
Q

How many French soldiers were tied up by the Viet Minh’s hit and run raids?

A

190,000 French soldiers

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13
Q

What was the result of the Viet Minh’s raids?

A

The raids caused over 90,000 French casualties.

During the war 73,000 French troops died.

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14
Q

What happened in 1954?

A

Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

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15
Q

What happened in the BAttleof Dien Bien Phu?

A

A large, well armed force of French paratroopers was comprehensively defeated by the Viet Minh.

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16
Q

How many people died from the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?

A

Over 3000 died and 8000 died later in captivity.

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17
Q

Who was the commander of the Viet Minh during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?

A

Vo Nguyen Giap

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18
Q

What did the leader of the Viet Minh say about the battle of Dien BIen Phu in 1954?

A

“A poor feudal nation had beaten a great colonial power. It meant a lot, not just to us, but to people all over the world.”

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19
Q

Why was the Viet Minh able to defeat the French?

A

A combination of:

  • effective leadership
  • Guerrilla tactics
  • Sheer determination (peasants carried the Viet Minh’s supplies by hand).
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20
Q

Which 2 countries aided the Viet Minh?

A

Both China and the USSR helped to provide the Viet Minh with modern weapons which allowed them to confront, and defeat, the French in open battle.

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21
Q

What did the French do in retaliation to the Viet Minh’s guerrilla warfare?

A

The French attempted to control the countryside by raiding peasant villages. This simply increased popular support for the Viet Minh.

22
Q

Where did the Geneva Agreement take place?

A

In Geneva, Switzerland.

23
Q

When was the Geneva Agreement?

A

May - July 1954 (only one year after the end of the Korean War).

24
Q

Who was present at the Geneva Agreement?

A

GB, France, China, the USSR, the USA and Vietnam.

25
Q

What 6 things were decided at the Geneva Agreement?

A
  • Withdrawal of French troops
  • The creation of a ceasefire
  • A new territorial settlement
  • The new countries of Laos and Cambodia were formed
  • North and South Vietnam were created on a temporary basis (dividing line was the 17th parallel with DMZ).
  • In 1956 it was agreed that there would be free elections across all of Vietnam.
26
Q

What was the point of the free elections that were decided in 1956?

A

To decide a future government for the whole of the peninsula.

27
Q

What did the USA think of the Geneva Agreements?

A

The USA wanted a prosperous, free and non-Communist Vietnam, but half of the country was better than none.

28
Q

Why did the USA lack the will to intervene in Vietnam straight away?

A

They had only just left Korea.

29
Q

Why was the USA scared of Vietnam being split in 2?

A

They knew that the divide of Vietnam was only temporary and that when the elections took place in 1956 it was likely that the communists would gain enough votes to take over the whole country.

30
Q

Why did the USA prevent the elections from taking place in 1956?

A

They were frightened of a communist victory as the communists already controlled N. Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh was an inspirational leader.

31
Q

What did President Eisenhower say about the elections after the Vietnam War?

A

“It was generally agreed that had an election been held, Ho Chi Minh would have been elected Premier…. at the time of the fighting, possibly 80% of the population would have vote for the communist Ho Chi Minh as their leader”

32
Q

What did the USA help to do in 1955?

A

In 1955, the USA helped set up the anti-communist Republic of South Vietnam.

33
Q

Who was the leader of the Republic of South Vietnam?

A

Ngo Dinh Diem

34
Q

What was Diem prepared to do?

A

Imprison or exile communists.

35
Q

Who was Diem?

A

He was a Christian who showed little respect for the Buddhist religion or the peasants. He was from the landowning class which treated the peasants badly.

36
Q

What was Diem’s policy?

A

His policy of “Agrovilles” moved peasants from their villages, which was resented.

37
Q

What were some other bad things about Diem?

A

His regime was corrupt and he gave important jobs to his family members and friends and refused to hold elections.

38
Q

How much money did the USA support Diem’s regime with?

A

They supported the regime with around $1.6 billion in the 1950s.

39
Q

What effect did the actions of South Vietnam have on the country?

A

The actions of the South Vietnamese government increased opposition to them amongst ordinary people and influential Buddhist priests.

40
Q

What was set in in 1960?

A

The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (Viet Cong) was set up in 1960.

41
Q

What did the Viet Cong do?

A

They started a guerrilla war against South Vietnamese forces, officials, buildings and US supply bases.

42
Q

What happened in 1963?

A

Army leaders overthrew and killed Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963 and the governments that followed were equally corrupt, but still received massive US support.

43
Q

In the next 2 years after Diem being killed, how many governments were there?

A

There were 10 different governments in the next 2 years.

44
Q

What % of the people in Vietnam were Buddhists?

A

Approximately 70% of the population were Buddhist.

45
Q

Why did some people convert from Buddhism to Catholics?

A

Some people became Catholic because they wanted to please their colonial masters, the French. Catholics were rewarded with the top jobs and became the largest land owners in Vietnam.

46
Q

What % of the population were Catholic?

A

10%

47
Q

What happened on the 8th of May 1963 when Buddhists gathered in the city of Hue to celebrate the birth of Buddha?

A

Due to Diem being a Catholic, he ordered police to open fire in an attempt to disperse the crowd, and in the panic that followed, 1 women and 8 children were killed.

48
Q

How did the Buddhist monks show their anger over what happened in Hue?

A

The Buddhists wanted to show their anger and how much they hated the Diem government. To do this they asked for monks to volunteer to commit suicide.

49
Q

Which monk volunteered to commit suicide?

A

Thich Quang Duc, a 66 year old monk was the 1st to volunteer.

50
Q

When did Thich Quang Duc commit suicide?

A

On 11th June 1963 he sat down in the middle of a busy Saigon street, had petrol poured over him, and then was set alight. He sat very still while all around him people screamed and other Buddhists handed out leaflets calling for Diem’s government to show charity and compassion to all religions.

51
Q

What was the result of Thich Quang Duc?

A

Diem’s response was to arrest thousands of Buddhist monks, many were never seen again.

52
Q

Over the following 3 months after Thich Quang Duc’s suicide, how many more monks committed suicide?

A

Over the next 3 months, 5 more monks committed suicide in the same way. Some members of government even offered to buy the petrol.

Asia (Korea and Vietnam) (9 decks)

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