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Asia (Korea and Vietnam) > Pages 11-12 of ASIA A5 booklet (Vietnam before 1954 and Presidents 1945-75) > Flashcards

Pages 11-12 of ASIA A5 booklet (Vietnam before 1954 and Presidents 1945-75) Flashcards

1
Q

What happened to France in 1884?

A

France obtained control over northern Vietnam following its victory over China in the Sino-French War.

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2
Q

What happened in 1887?

A

French Indochina was formed from Annam, Tonkin, Cochinchina (which together form modern Vietnam) and the Kingdom of Cambodia.

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3
Q

What happened in 893?

A

Laos was added after the Franco-Siamese War.

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4
Q

What did Ho Chi Minh do in 1920?

A

Ho Chi Minh moved to the USSR where he studied Communism and techniques of guerrilla warfare.

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5
Q

What did Ho Chi Minh do in 1930?

A

Ho Chi Minh formed the Indochinese Communist Party which fought for an independant Vietnam free from French control.

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6
Q

What happened in 1940?

A

The Japanese invaded Indochina and removed the French. They ruled the area brutally. Soon the anti-Japanese resistance movement led by Ho Chi Minh emerged. It was called the Viet Minh.

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7
Q

What happened in 1945?

A

The Japanese were defeated and Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh took control of North Vietnam and declared Vietnam independent under the name of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The French had other ideas and wanted to take back control of their colony, now that the Japanese had been defeated.

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8
Q

What happened in 1946?

A

The French attacked the Viet Minh.

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9
Q

What did the USA do between 1945-49?

A

The USA didn’t like European countries having colonies so secretly supplied the Viet Minh with resources to fight the French. They didn’t realise that the Viet Minh was communist.

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10
Q

What happens in 1949?

A

China becomes communist and Ho Chi Minh gains support from the Chinese. The USA now decide to support the French with $500 million per year.

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11
Q

What is guerrilla warfare?

A

Military tactics where small groups of soldiers attack bigger, more powerful armies.

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12
Q

What are colonies?

A

Countries owned by a more powerful country.

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13
Q

Who were the 6 presidents of the USA between 1945-75, in order.

A

Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford.

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14
Q

When was Truman president?

A

1945-53.

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15
Q

What did Truman do as president?

A
  • Dealt with the Berlin Blockade (1948) and instigated the Marshall Plan (1947).
  • Dealt with Communist North Korea during the Korean War (1950-53) to prevent an invasion of South Korea.
  • Helped finance the French after WW2 to reclaim Vietnam.
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16
Q

When was Eisenhower president?

A

1953-61

17
Q

What did Eisenhower do as president?

A
  • Increased financial support to the French and paid 80% of their costs.
  • Oversaw the separation of Vietnam into North and South.
  • Financially supported Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of South Vietnam.
  • Sent some military ‘advisers’ to South Vietnam
18
Q

When was Kennedy president?

A

1961-63

19
Q

What did Kennedy do as president?

A
  • Increased military ‘advisers’ to 11,500.
  • Allowed US pilots to fly combat missions whilst pretending to be instructors.
  • Removed Ngo Dinh Diem and replaced him with Vietnamese generals.
  • US money, materials and support all increased.
20
Q

When was Johnson president?

A

1963-69

21
Q

What did Johnson do as president?

A
  • Given a stark choice on becoming president:
    Increase involvement in Vietnam or face a communist victory.
  • Johnson did not want to be the first US President to lose a war so he increased involvement massively.
  • Gulf of Tonkin incident allowed him to send in ground and air forces.
22
Q

When was Nixon president?

A

1969-74

23
Q

What did Nixon do as president?

A
  • War was increasingly unpopular and Nixon promised to end involvement.
  • Ended the draft of young Americans into the army.
  • Withdrew forces under the policy of ‘Vietnamisation’.
  • Oversaw ceasefire in 1973.
24
Q

When was Ford president?

A

1974-77

25
Q

What did Ford do as president?

A
  • War started again in 1974 when N. Vietnam invaded S. Vietnam.
  • No American troops were sent over, only supplies.
  • The North Vietnamese Communists took Saigon (capital of the South) in 1975.
  • Laos and Cambodia fell to the Communists in 1976.

Asia (Korea and Vietnam) (9 decks)

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