Page 5 - SAM Axis

Question 1

SAM axis activates

Answer 1

Fight, Flight or Freeze

Question 2

Fight, Flight or Freeze Response involves changes in _ and _ function

Answer 2

Neuroendocrine and Immune

Question 3

Changes in Neuroendocrine and immune function can affect?

Answer 3

Animal behaviours, metabolism, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal functions, respiration, and disease resistance

Question 4

Acetylcholine (ACH) is released immediately from

Answer 4

Sympathetic Nerve Fibres to the splanchnic nerve which innervates the adrenal medulla

Question 5

Sympathetic Nerve Fibres are part of the sympathetic nervous system which is one of the divisions of the _ _ _

Answer 5

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 6

When Ash is released from sympathetic nerve fibres ACh binds to what?

Answer 6

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (NiAChRs)

Question 7

What type of cell are NiAChRs on?

Answer 7

Chromaffin cells

Question 8

When ACh binds to NiAChRs on chromaffin cells

Answer 8

Chromaffin cells produce and secrete vesicles containing EPI and some NEPI

Question 9

Adrenals are the primary source of basal and stress-induced circulating _

Answer 9

EPI

Question 10

Circulating NEPI comes primarily from

Answer 10

Other tissues

Question 11

EPI & NEPI functions _ dependent on species

Answer 11

Vary

Question 12

Catecholamines mediate their physiological responses via _ and _ _ expression of _ and _ _ receptors

Answer 12

tissue, cell specific, alpha and beta adrenergic

Question 13

Alpha adrenergic receptors are split into _ and _ subtypes

Answer 13

a1, a2

Question 14

Activation of a1 results in

Answer 14

vasoconstriction

Question 15

Activation of a2 results in

Answer 15

inhibitory effects on neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion

Question 16

Beta Adrenergic Receptors are split into _ subtypes

Answer 16

3 (b1, b2, b3)

Question 17

Activation of b1 receptors results in stimulating

Answer 17

Cardiac Function

Question 18

Activation of b2 receptors result in

Answer 18

smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation and glycogenolysis

Question 19

Activation of b3 results in

Answer 19

lipolysis

Question 20

Basal concentrations of circulating catecholamines vary throughout the day because they are under the influence of hormones such as

Answer 20

melatonin, ACTH, GC, and gonadal steroids

Question 21

Melatonin is produced by the

Answer 21

Pineal Gland

Question 22

ACTH is produced by the

Answer 22

Anterior Pituitary

Question 23

GCs are produced by the

Answer 23

Adrenal Cortex