Page 10: Immune System - Overview & Innate Flashcards
Immune system is th 6th sensory system that alerts the CNS to
Microbial danger
During microbial invasion surveillance cells of the immune system release signalling molecules called _ and _ that bind to various receptors on neural cells, in the gut, skin, liver, respiratory, urogenital tract and brain
Cytokines, neuropeptides
Examples of cytokines are ,,_
TNFa, IL-1, IL-6
Neural cells become activated and alert the _ of danger
CNS
- Danger signals are perceived in the _
Brain
- CNS responds with neural (,) and endocrine (_) signals to ensure immune response is effective but not excessive
SAM, PNS, HPA
Bidirectional communication happens between SAM, PNS, and HPA systems and is collectively referred to as the - system
neuroendocrine-immune
- The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-1, IL-6) during immune system activation affects many different tissues and the systemic response is known as the - _
Acute-phase response
In the hypothalamus _ evokes a fever response and _ induces sickness behaviour
cytokines, IL-1
Examples of sickness behaviour include
Sleepiness and anorexia
In the muscle _ cause protein _, __ are mobilized and used to make host _ and _ repair protein’s
cytokines, catabolism, AAs, defence, tissue
Many of these protein’s are synthesized by the liver and and are referred to as _ _ _ _
hepatic acute-phase protein’s
There are _ major layers of host defence
3
The three major layers of host defence are _ _, _ _,
- Physical & Chemical Barriers
- Innate Immunity
- Acquired Immunity
Core Ideas Related to Innate Immune System
- Host Inflammatory Response
- Limited Specificity and Immunological Memory
- Localized Inflammatory Response
- SIRS and Sepsis
The host inflammatory response involves the secretion of - _ triggered by recognition of _ _ by - _ on cells
pro-inflammatory cytokines, danger signals, pattern recognition receptors
The danger signals can include - _ _ () from _ and host alarm signals () released by damaged or activated host cells
microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), alarmins
Innate immune response is effective at controlling and eliminating pathogens it has limited _ and doesn’t provide - protection against pathogens like the _ immune system does with _ _
specificity, long-term, adaptive, immunological memory
The innate immune system is _ to the site of infection to _ _ _
localized, minimize tissue damage
If innate immune system is being used to eliminate severe infection with highly virulent pathogen, localized immune defence may not be sufficient to contain the infection, this can lead to fast spread of the pathogen into circulation which can cause _ _ _ _
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
In extreme cases SIRS can lead to _
Sepsis
If animal survives SIRS or sepsis the animal may be _ or at risk for _ _
immunocompromised, secondary infections
