Page 10: Immune System - Overview & Innate

Question 1

Immune system is th 6th sensory system that alerts the CNS to

Answer 1

Microbial danger

Question 2

During microbial invasion surveillance cells of the immune system release signalling molecules called _ and _ that bind to various receptors on neural cells, in the gut, skin, liver, respiratory, urogenital tract and brain

Answer 2

Cytokines, neuropeptides

Question 3

Examples of cytokines are ,,_

Answer 3

TNFa, IL-1, IL-6

Question 4

Neural cells become activated and alert the _ of danger

Answer 4

CNS

Question 5

1. Danger signals are perceived in the _

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

2. CNS responds with neural (,) and endocrine (_) signals to ensure immune response is effective but not excessive

Answer 6

SAM, PNS, HPA

Question 7

Bidirectional communication happens between SAM, PNS, and HPA systems and is collectively referred to as the - system

Answer 7

neuroendocrine-immune

Question 8

3. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-1, IL-6) during immune system activation affects many different tissues and the systemic response is known as the - _

Answer 8

Acute-phase response

Question 9

In the hypothalamus _ evokes a fever response and _ induces sickness behaviour

Answer 9

cytokines, IL-1

Question 10

Examples of sickness behaviour include

Answer 10

Sleepiness and anorexia

Question 11

In the muscle _ cause protein _, __ are mobilized and used to make host _ and _ repair protein’s

Answer 11

cytokines, catabolism, AAs, defence, tissue

Question 12

Many of these protein’s are synthesized by the liver and and are referred to as _ _ _ _

Answer 12

hepatic acute-phase protein’s

Question 13

There are _ major layers of host defence

Answer 13

3

Question 14

The three major layers of host defence are _ _, _ _,

Answer 14

1. Physical & Chemical Barriers
2. Innate Immunity
3. Acquired Immunity

Question 15

Core Ideas Related to Innate Immune System

Answer 15

1. Host Inflammatory Response
2. Limited Specificity and Immunological Memory
3. Localized Inflammatory Response
4. SIRS and Sepsis

Question 16

The host inflammatory response involves the secretion of - _ triggered by recognition of _ _ by - _ on cells

Answer 16

pro-inflammatory cytokines, danger signals, pattern recognition receptors

Question 17

The danger signals can include - _ _ () from _ and host alarm signals () released by damaged or activated host cells

Answer 17

microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), alarmins

Question 18

Innate immune response is effective at controlling and eliminating pathogens it has limited _ and doesn’t provide - protection against pathogens like the _ immune system does with _ _

Answer 18

specificity, long-term, adaptive, immunological memory

Question 19

The innate immune system is _ to the site of infection to _ _ _

Answer 19

localized, minimize tissue damage

Question 20

If innate immune system is being used to eliminate severe infection with highly virulent pathogen, localized immune defence may not be sufficient to contain the infection, this can lead to fast spread of the pathogen into circulation which can cause _ _ _ _

Answer 20

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

Question 21

In extreme cases SIRS can lead to _

Answer 21

Sepsis

Question 22

If animal survives SIRS or sepsis the animal may be _ or at risk for _ _

Answer 22

immunocompromised, secondary infections