Epigenetics Flashcards
Variation in gene activity is controlled at the level of the genome and _
epigenome
Genetic Variants _ gene activity and are _ and _ by offspring (ex. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)
predetermine, permenant, inherited
Epigenetic Variants are established by _ during _, _ mechanism for _ change, may be _ and _ to change in _ variation in population
environment, mitosis, adaptive, phenotypic, inherited, contribute, phenotype
Genetics affect _ input, _ perception, and stress _
sensory, stress, response
Stress response is often _ & preferred for _ _
measured, genetic selection
Measuring Genetic Stress Response of Blood is used because there is _ to _ heritability which indicates _ _ could be performed to increase livestock _ to different stressors
moderate, high, selective breeding, resilience
Mechanisms of Epigenetics
- methylation of cytosine molecules by DNA methyltransferase
- Histone protein modification
- RNA Based Mechanisms
Methylation of cytosine molecules by DNA methyltransferases are associated with _ _
transcription silencing
Histone protein modification, / of chromatin which affects accessibility to _ _ by /, _ susceptible to modification
Winding/Unwinding, Transcription Factors, allow/restrict, tail
RNA based mechanism like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like _ binds to _ of mRNA and results in _
miRNA, UTR, mRNA degradation
Zebra Finch Embryo responds to change in _ _ @ higher _ _, leads to change in _ status and _ preference
maternal song, ambient temperature, reproductive, thermal
Cushing’s Disease
- Adrenal/pituitary tumor
- Too much ACTH USP8 Gene
- Too much GC
- ARMC5 tumor supressor gene = adrenal hyperplasia
Addison’s Disease
- Auto immune
- Atrophy of adrenal gland
- Decrease in GCs
- Increase in ACTH & MSH
When epigenome is mismatched with environment risk of disease
increases
DOHaD Hypothesis
Maternal undernutrition contributes to low birth weight, and risk of obesity heart disease and diabetes (Thrifty Phenotype)
