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FIXATION > PAGE 1 > Flashcards

PAGE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

first and most critical step in tissue processing

A

FIXATION

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2
Q

fixing or preserving fresh tissue for examination

A

FIXATION

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3
Q

should be done immediately to preserve cellular and tissue morphology

A

FIXATION

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4
Q

2 PURPOSES OF FIXATION

A
  1. PRESERVATION

2. PROTECTION

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5
Q

PRIMARY PURPOSE OF FIXATION

A

PRESERVATION

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6
Q

SECONDARY PURPOSE OF FIXATION

A

PROTECTION

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7
Q

capable of forming cross-links between proteins

A

FIXATIVE AGENTS

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8
Q

stabilizes tissue components making them insoluble to lysosomal enzymes

A

CROSS-LINKS

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9
Q

TYPES OF FIXATIVE

A
  1. ADDITIVE

2. NON-ADDITIVE

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10
Q

becomes part of the cross-link itself

A

ADDITIVE

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11
Q

facilitates the removal of water in order for cross-links to form

A

NON-ADDITIVE

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12
Q

capable of inactivating lysosomes

A

DEHYDRANT FIXATIVE

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13
Q

FIXATION IS RETARDED BY

A
  • Increase in size and thickness
  • Presence of mucus
  • Presence of fats
  • Presence of blood
  • Decrease in temperature
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14
Q

FIXATION IS ENHANCED BY

A

✓ Decrease in size and thickness
✓ Presence of agitation
✓ Presence of heat

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15
Q

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN FIXATION

A
  1. pH
  2. TEMPERATURE
  3. SIZE AND THICKNESS
  4. OSMOLALITY
  5. CONCENTRATION
  6. VOLUME
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16
Q

pH FOR FIXATION

A

6 TO 8

17
Q

TEMPERATURE FOR ROUTINE MANUAL

A

ROOM TEMPERATURE (20 to 22oC)

18
Q

TEMPERATURE FOR ROUTINE AUTOMATED

A

40 oC

19
Q

TEMPERATURE FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A

0 to 4oC

20
Q

TEMPERATURE OF FORMALIN FOR VERY URGENT BIOSPSIES

A

60 oC

21
Q

TEMPERATURE OF FORMALIN FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

A

100 oC

22
Q

TEMPERATURE FOR DNA

A

65 oC

23
Q

TEMPERATURE OF RNA

A

45 oC

24
Q

SIZE AND THICKNESS FOR LIGHT MICROSCOPY

A

2cm2 by 0.4cm thick

25
Q

SIZE AND THICKNESS FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A

1 to 2 mm2

26
Q

SIZE AND THICKNESS FOR LUNG EDEMA

A

1 to 2 cm thick

27
Q

OSMOLALITY OF LIGHT MICROSCOPY

A

slightly hypertonic (400-450 mOsm)

28
Q

OSMOLALITY OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A

more or less isotonic (340 mOsm)

29
Q

CONCENTRATION OF FORMALDEHYDE

A

10%

30
Q

CONCENTRATION OF GLUTARALDEHYDE

A

3%

31
Q

VOLUME FOR ROUTINE FIXATION

A

10 to 25 times the volume of the specimen

32
Q

VOLUME FOR MUSEUM FIXATION

A

50 to 100 times the volume of the specimen

FIXATION (13 decks)

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