Paeds Infections Flashcards by Emily Deurloo

5 live attenuated vaccines

BCG
MMR
Chickenpox
Nasal influenza 
Rota virus

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HPV strains causing genital warts

6 and 11

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HPV strains causing cervical cancer

16 and 18

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Gram neg diplococci

Neisseria meningitidis

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LP for all children:

Under 1 month with fever
1-3 months with fever and unwell
Under 1 year with unexplained fever and other features of serious illness

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Kernig’s Test

Flex hip and knee to 90 degrees then straighten to elicit pain in meninges

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Brudinskis test

Flex chin to chest causing involuntary flexion of hips and knees due to meningeal irritation

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Community Mx of meningococcal meningitis

IM benpen and 999 transfer

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Meningitis Mx under 3 months

IV cefotaxime and amoxacillin

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Meningitis Mx over 3 months

Ceftriaxone

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Post exposure prophylaxis to meningitis

Single dose ciprofloxasin

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LP with neutrophils

Bacterial

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LP with lymphocytes

Viral

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LP turbid / cloudy / opaque

Bacterial

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LP with protein > 1.5 g/L

Bacterial

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Key complication on meningitis requiring follow up

Hearing loss

Red light color of skin

Pale
Mottled
Ashen
Blue

Red light activity

No response to social cues
Appears unwell
Does not wake or stay awake
Weak or high pitched cry

Red light respiratory

Grunting
RR > 60
Chest indrawing

Red light circulation

Reduced skin turgor

CRT > 4 sec

Red light other

< 3 months with 38C fever

Non blanching rash

Bulging fontanelle

Neck stiffness

Status epilepticus

Focal neuro signs

Focal seizures

Intensely itchy maculopapular rash after amoxacillin

Mononucleosis

Heterophile antibody tests for EBV

Mono spot test (horse RBCs)

Paul-Bunnell test (sheep RBCs)

Specific antibody tests for EBV

Anti Viral capsid antigen antibodies (anti VCA)

IgM = acute infection 
IgG = immunity

Cancer associated with EBV

Burkitts Lymphoma

What to avoid after mono

Alcohol Contact sports Amoxacillin

Mumps transmission

Resp droplets

Mumps presentation

Prodrome of fever, aches, lethargy Parotid swelling and pain

Mumps dx

Saliva swab for PCR | Serum antibodies

Mums complications

``` Pancreatitis Orchitis Meningitis Encephalitis Sensorineural hearing loss ```

Measles transmission

Resp droplets

Measles presentation

Fever, coryzal sx, conjunctivitis Koplik spots Erythematous macular rash starts on face behind ears and spreads to rest of body

Complications of measles

``` Pneumonia Meningitis/encephalitis Hearing loss Vision loss Death ```

Rubella transmission

Resp droplets

Rubella presentation

Erythematous macular rash starting on face and spreads to rest of body Lymphadenopathy behind ears and back of neck

Rubella complications

Thrombocytopaenia Encephalitis Congenital rubella syndrome (deafness, blindness and heart disease)