Paeds Cardio

Question 1

3 fetal shunts

Answer 1

1. Ductus venosus
2. Foramen ovale
3. Ductus arteriosus

Question 2

Pan systolic murmur heard at 5th ICS MCL

Answer 2

Mitral regurgitation

Question 3

Pan systolic murmur heard at 5th ICS left sternal border

Answer 3

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 4

Pan systolic murmur heard at left lower sternal border in 3rd and 4th ICS with systolic thrill on palpation

Answer 4

VSD

Question 5

Ejection systolic murmur heard at 2nd ICS right sternal border

Answer 5

Aortic stenosis

Question 6

Ejection systolic murmur heard at second ICS left sternal border

Answer 6

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 7

Ejection systolic murmur heard at 4th ICS left sternal border

Answer 7

HOCM

Question 8

Mid systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur heard at left sternal border with fixed split 2nd heart sound

Answer 8

ASD

Question 9

Continuous crescendo decrescendo machinery murmur

Answer 9

PDA

Question 10

Eisenmenger Syndrome

Answer 10

In context of left to right shunt (ASD, VSD, PDA) where right heart strain and pulmonary HTN leads to increased pulmonary pressure greater than systemic pressure. This reverses the shunt allowing deoxygenated blood to flow from right to left causing patient to become cyanotic

Question 11

Haematologic complication of Eisenmenger syndrome

Answer 11

Polycythaemia (EPO increase and BM stimulation in response to hypoxia)
Thrombus formation risk

Question 12

Congenital heart defect associated with Turners syndrome

Answer 12

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 13

Management of eisenmenger syndrome

Answer 13

Oxygen
Sildenafil for pulm HTN
Venesection for polycythaemia
Anticoagulation
Prophylactic abx for Inf endocard

Question 14

Systolic murmur heard below left clavicle and below left scapula

Answer 14

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 15

What is given to patient with coarctation of the aorta awaiting surgery

Answer 15

Prostaglandin E to keep PDA open

Question 16

Aortic stenosis signs

Answer 16

Ejection systolic murmur that radiates to carotids
Ejection click
Palpable thrill
Slow rising pulse
Narrow pulse pressure

Question 17

Cardiac abnormality in Williams syndrome

Answer 17

Aortic valve stenosis

Question 18

Congenital heart defects in Noonan Syndrome

Answer 18

Pulmonary valve stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ASD

Question 19

Tetralogy of fallot pathologies

Answer 19

VSD
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophic

Question 20

Risk factors for tetralogy of fallot

Answer 20

Rubella infection
Increased maternal age
Alcohol consumption in pregnancy
Diabetic mother

Question 21

Tet Spell positioning

Answer 21

Squat
Knees to infants chest

Increases systemic vascular resistance

Question 22

Ebsteins anomoly

Answer 22

Atrialisation of right ventricle

Question 23

Lithium exposure in utero is associated with what congenital heart condition?

Answer 23

Ebsteins anomaly

Question 24

Associations with Ebsteins anomaly

Answer 24

ASD or VSD

Wolf Parkinson White syndrome

Question 25

3 meds that close a PDA

Answer 25

IV indomethacin
Prostacyclin synthetase inhibitor
Ibuprofen