Paeds INFECTION Flashcards
Recall a long-term complication of mumps, rubella and polio
Mumps: infertile boys, deafness
Rubella: severe deformities to pregnancy
Polio: massive respiratory problems
In what age range does Kawasaki disease present?
6 months to 4 years: peak at 1 year
What is Kawasaki’s disease?
Systemic vasculitis
What is the main cause of mortality in KD?
Coronary aneurism
What are the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
CRASH + Burn
C: conjunctivitis
R: rash (polymorphous, begins at hands + feet)
A: Adenopathy
S: Strawberry tongue
H: hands + feet swollen
Burn (fever >5 days)
How is kawasaki disease diagnosed?
CLINICALLY
Do bloods + echo to guide management
How is kawasaki disease managed?
ADMISSION
IV Ig + high dose aspirin
By what vector is malaria spread?
Female anopheles mosquito
How fast is the onset of malaria after innoculation?
7-10 days
What are the signs and symptoms of malaria?
Cyclical fever with spikes
D+V
Jaundice
Anaemia
Thrombocytopaenia
Flu-like Sx
What are the appropriate investigations for malaria?
3 thick + thin blood films (thick = parasite, thin = species)
Malaria rapid antigen detection tests
What is used for anti-malarial prophylaxis?
Quinine
How should malaria be managed?
Arrange immediate admission
Notify PHE
Treatment is very variable
Non-falciparum: chloroquinine
Mild falciparum (not vomiting): ACT (Artemisinin Combination Therapy) + Atovaquone-proguanil
Severe/ complicated falciparum: IV Artesunate is 1st line
What is the route of transmission of typhoid?
Faeco-oral
What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid?
May be bradycardic
Cough
Malaise
Anorexia
Diarrhoea or constipation by 2nd week
Rose spots on trunk
How is typhoid diagnosed?
Blood culture is diagnostic
How should typhoid be managed?
1st line = IV ceftriaxone
2nd line = PO azithromycin
What is the vector of dengue virus?
Aedes aegyptii mosquito
Where is dengue usually imported from?
SE Asia + South Africa
What are the expected FBC abnormalities in Dengue?
Low WCC
Low platelets
Low Hb
What are the signs and symptoms of dengue?
Retro-orbital headache
Sunburn-like rash
High fever + myalgia
Hepatomegaly + abdo distention
What is dengue haemorrhagic fever?
Secondary infection by a different strain that causes severe capillary leakage –> hypotension + haemorrhagic manifestations
Due to partial host reponse augmenting severity of host infection
How should dengue haemorrhagic fever be managed?
Fluid resuscitation
What is the gold standard investigation for dengue diagnosis?
PCR viral antigen, serology IgM
What is the pathogen that causes mumps?
Mumps paramyxovirus
How is mumps transmitted?
Respiratory secretions