Paeds GENETICS Flashcards
Recall the signs and symptoms of Patau’s
Use mnemonic ‘microcephaly’:
M: mental retardation
13 (trisomy)
C: cleft lip + palate
R: renal- polycystic kidney disease
O: omphalocele
C: cardiac
E: eyes small
P: polydactyly
H: holoprosencephaly
L: lbw
Recall some key features of Edward’s syndrome
Use mnemonic CrIEs of SORROW
C: cardiac
I: intellectual disability
E: ears low-set
S: small mouth + chin (Micrognathia)
O: overlapping fingers
R: renal- horseshoe kidneys
R: Rocker-bottom’ feet
O: omphalocele
W: lbw
Recall 3 key features of Down’s
Single palmar crease
‘sandal gap’ abnormality
upslanting palpabral fissures
What is mutated in Noonan’s syndrome?
RAS/ MAPK
Recall 4 features of Noonan’s
Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
What is the genetic difference between PWS and Angelman’s?
PWS = lack paternal 15q
Angelman = lack maternal 15q
What is the genetic mutation in Turner’s?
Female missing/ partly missing an X chromosome
Recall 7 some features of Turners
Neonatally: cystic hygroma + lymphoedema
Infertility due to ovarian dysgenesis
Wide carrying angle
Webbed neck
Bicuspid aortic valve > aortic coarctation
Horseshoe kidney
Hypothyroidism
Recall 4 features of Kleinfelter’s
Infertility
Hypogonadism
Gynaecomastia
Tall stature
What mutation causes fragile X?
CGG trinucleotide expansion - FMR1 gene
Recall the symptoms of Fragile X
MALE MOPS
M: macrocephaly
A: autism
L: laxity of joints
E: ears are large + low-set
M: macro-
O: orchidism
P: prolapsed MV complication
S: scoliosis
What is the triad of abnormalities seen when there is maternal rubella during pregnancy
Cataracts
Deafness
Cardiac abnormalities- PDA
What is the prognosis for Patau’s syndrome?
80% die in first month
What is the prognosis for Noonan’s?
Varies massively as penetrance varies massively too
What is the phenotype of Angelman’s?
Cognitive impairment
Ataxia
Epilepsy
Abnormal facial appearance
What is the most common heart defect in Down’s syndrome?
AVSD
Recall some of the possible later complications of Down’s syndrome
Secretory otitis media (75%)
OSA (50-75%)
Learning difficulty
VI Joint laxity