Paeds DERM Flashcards
What is erythema infectiosum?
Infection by parvovirus B19
“5th disease”
“Slapped-cheek syndrome”
What are the symptoms of erythema infectiosum?
Asymptomatic/ mild feverish illness- headache + runny nose
After several days develop red rash on cheeks
Child starts to feel better as rash appears
Rash spreads to trunk, arms + legs
How does the rash in erythema infectiosum differ from many other rashes?
RARELY effects palms + soles
Describe the rash in erythema infectiosum
Raised, blotchy red areas + lacy patterns
“Reticular, erythematous eruption”
What is management for erythema infectiosum?
Self-resolving
No school exclusion (not infectious once rash appears)
What is roseola infantum?
Infection by human herpes virus 6 (HHV6)
“6th disease”
“Exanthem subitum”
Which age group are most commonly affected by roseola infants?
6m-2y
Give 6 signs/ symptoms of roseola infantum
High fever lasting a few days followed later by a
Maculopapular rash
Nagayama spots: papular enanthem on uvula + soft palate
Febrile convulsions (10-15%)
Diarrhoea
Cough
What is the management of roseola infantum?
Self-resolving
No school exclusion
Describe the levels of acne
Comedones: open (blackheads) or closed (white heads)
Papules/ pustules
Nodulocystic/ scarring
From what age can acne be managed medically?
12
What skin cleaning advice can you give to adolescents with acne?
Don’t over clean: BD with gentle soap
Why should picking/ squeezing of comedones be avoided?
Risk of scarring
How long does It take topical medication to start working in acne?
Up to 8w
How can mild to moderate acne be managed?
Topical retinoid +/- benzoyl peroxide
OR
Topical abx + benzoyl peroxide
Azelaic acid 20%
How can moderate acne be treated?
Max 3m of oral abx
Add BPO/ retinoid to Abx OR
COCP + BPO/ retinoid
When should a referral to a dermatologist be made in acne vulgaris?
Nodulocystic acne/ scarring
Severe form (eg acne conglobata/ acne fulminans)
Severe psychological distress
Diagnostic uncertainty
Failure to respond to medications
Where is eczema commonly found?
Flexures
What 2 differentials should always be considered in suspected eczema?
Contact dermatitis (do patch testing)
Food allergies (blood or skin prick testing)
What treatment can be used in all severities of eczema?
Emollients
What other treatments are available in mild eczema?
Mild-potency topical corticosteroids
What other treatments are available in moderate eczema?
Moderate-potency topical corticosteroids
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Bandages
What other treatments are available in severe eczema?
Potent topical steroids
Phototherapy
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Bandages
How should infected eczema be managed?
Flucloxacillin
How should eczema herpeticum be managed?
Oral aciclovir
Recall the steroid ladder
Help Every Busy Dermatologist
Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate
When should an immediate referral be made in eczema?
Eczema herpeticum
What does eczema herpeticum look very similar to?
Impetigo
What is the fancy medical name for port-wine stain?
Naevus flammeus
Where are port wine stains found?
In trigeminal nerve distribution
What is the cause of port wine stain?
Could be all kinds of syndromes with long names
Most often = Sturge Weber syndrome
Recall 3 alternative names for naevis simplex
Salmon patches/ stalk bites/ angel’s kiss
Describe the appearance of naevus simplex
Pink/ red patch at birth that goes redder when the infant cries
When does infantile haemangioma develop?
A few days/ weeks after birth
How long do infantile haemangiomas last?
6-10m, then they shrink
Where are most infantile haemangiomas found?
Head + neck
Describe the appearance of the different types of infantile haemangioma
Superficial = bright red area of warm skin
Deep = blue lump
Mixed = bright red areas on a blue lump
Recall 3 causes of infantile haemangioma
- Kasabach-Merritt: kaposiform haemangioendothelioma –>thrombocytopaenia –> haemangioma with thrombocytopaenia
- PHACES syndrome
- LUMBAR syndrome
What is PHACES syndrome?
Posterior fossa malformations
Haemangioma
Arterial abnormalities
Cardiac abnormalities
Eye abnormalities
Sternal abnormalities