Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

defne extra buzzwords > Paeds Buzzwords > Flashcards

Paeds Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Poor feeding
Rectal bleeding
Unwell, premature neonate

A

Necrotising enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patchy area(s) of complete hair loss
resolves within a year

A

Alopecia areata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammatory cause of diarrhoea? - test

A

Faecal calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gastroschisis vs Omphalocoele

A

Gastroschisis - Defect lateral to the umbilicus. Herniated contents ARE NOT covered in a peritoneal membrane.

Omphalocele - Defect at the umbilicus. Herniated contents ARE covered in a peritoneal membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypospadias - definition

A

Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Timing for surgical correction of hypospadias

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy prognosis

A

27 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy prognosis

A

45 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Progressive weakness that usually manifests within the first 5 years of life
Patients may demonstrate delayed motor milestones
Patients often find it difficult to walk and to stand from a seated position

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterior knee pain
Generally worse when climbing the stairs or when standing from a seated position

A

Chondromalacia patellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pain, swelling and locking following exercise
Usually occurs in active young people

A

osteochondritis dissecans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physiological phimosis age?

A

50% at 2 years of age
10% at 11 years of age
1% at 14 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frequent regurgitation within 8 wks
Functional immaturity of LOS

A

GORD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breastfeeding + GORD -> ?

A

Breastfeeding assessment
Change frequency and positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Genetic condition caused by a defect in type 1 collagen

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diplegia, hemiplegia and quadriplegia?

A

Diplegia: both lower limbs affected
Hemiplegia: one upper limb and one lower limb on the same side affected
Quadriplegia: all four limbs affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LD IQ scoring interpretation

A

Borderline Mild 70-79

Mild 50-69

Moderate 35-49

Severe 20-34

Profound < 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Non-specific abdominal pain that may localise to the right iliac fossa (thereby mimicking appendicitis)
Often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection

A

Mesenteric adenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The condition involves swollen or inflamed glands or ‘lymph nodes’ in the tummy (abdomen) that may cause pain, vomiting, and/or fever.

A

Mesenteric adenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Surgical Mx for Hirschprung’s

A

Anorectal pull-through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mx - ophthalmia neonatorum caused by chlamydia

A

Oral erythromycin for 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pyloric stenosis - Ix

A

Abdominal USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mild croup Mx

A

0.15 mg/kg PO Dexamethasone STAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Intussusception - Mx

A

Rectal air insufflation

An air enema is usually the first treatment. In the X-ray department, a tube is passed into the child’s bottom and air is released into the bowel. This works by pushing the bowel back, so that the intussusception corrects itself. This is monitored using X-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

1st line med - male patient, generalised tonic-clonic epilepsy

A

Sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Suspected Perthes disease - Ix

A

X-ray of both hips (including anteroposterior and frog leg lateral views)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Talipes equinovarus?

A

Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus (TEV), is a common foot abnormality, in which the foot points downward and inward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Clubfoot - Mx

A

Ponsetti Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Short stature
Short limbs
Large head
Frontal bossing
Depression of nasal bridge
Marked lumbar lordosis

A

Achondroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Achondroplasia?

A

growth of long bones is restricted by ossification of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Constipation w/ faecal impaction - Mx?

A

Disimpaction regimen of polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Movicol®)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

School exclusion - Mumps

A

Exclude from school until 5 days after the onset of the parotid swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

well-demarcated scaly border with satellite lesions

A

Candida Nappy rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Abx in Meconium aspiration

A

Ampicillin and Gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Kasai procedure

A

Biliary atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

IgA nephropathy vs Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

IgA = within days of URTI
PSG = weeks after URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Olive-like mass in RUQ

A

Pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis

A

pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pyloric stenosis metabolic and electrolyte derangement

A

Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Kerion manifestation?

A

Area of scarring alopecia resulting from the inflammatory response to a fungal skin infection (ringworm)
The area of skin may appear boggy and inflamed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Salmon-pink rash
Arthritis
Uveitis
Systemic features (e.g. fever)
Weight loss
Myalgia

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Still’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cleft palate repair timeline

A

6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dystonia (abnormal muscle tone)
Chorea (dance-like, irregular movements)
Athetosis (slow, writing movements)

A

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Localised, soft tissue oedema of the scalp that occurs following pressure applied on the baby’s head by the cervix during delivery
It crosses suture lines and resolves within days

A

Caput succedaneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Newborn
Painless, soft and fluctuant swelling around a testicle
It is possible to get above the swelling and the swelling cannot be separated from the testicle

A

Congenital hydrocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Bronchitis Mx:
Apnoea
Central Cyanosis
Oxygen Saturation < 92%
Severe Respiratory Distress
Respiratory Rate > 70/minute

A

immediate review and admission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Mx malabsorption and diarrhoea in CF

A

Creon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Achondroplasia mutation

A

Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 Gene (FGFR-3) Mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Sickle cell disease Hb elecrophoresis of newborn

A

HbS and HbF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Anaphylactic reaction - blood test to confirm

A

Mast cell tryptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Condition that is usually caused by a tumour of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Reduced range of neck motion
Struggle to turn head in one direction (may manifest with preferring to feed from one breast)
Palpable, non-tender nodule on sternocleidomastoid

A

Infant torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

CHickenpox school exclusion

A

until vescicles crust over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Social, Emotional and Behavioural Dvlpt: 18-month old child

A

Feed themselves with a spoon, drink from a cup, try to play alone and try to help with dressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Gross Motor: 18-month old child

A

Walks steadily and independently and may be able to squat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Vision and Fine Motor: 18-month old child

A

Pincer grip, build a tower of 3 blocks, look at and ‘palm hit’ books, draw a scribble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Hearing Speech and Language: 18-month old child

A

6-10 words, can follow simple instructions, points to 2-4 body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

1st line med for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

COmplciations of Mumps

A

Orchitis
Pancreatitis
Meningitis / Encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Loss of red reflex in one eye

A

Retinoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Bilateral pain that is present throughout the day and is worst at night
Patients are able to continue all usual activities
No limp

A

Growing pains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Becker Muscular Dystrophy - inheritance pattern

A

X-lined recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Club foot - associated conditions

A

Spina Bifida
Edward Syndrome
Oligohydramnios
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Cerebral Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Testicular torsion signs

A
  • Absent cremasteric reflex
  • Negative Prehn’s sign (no pain relief on elevation of testes)
  • Positive Ger sign (pitting at the testicular base)
  • Negative blue-dot sign (no nodule)
  • Positive Deming sign (abnormally elevated testes)
  • Positive Brunzel sign (horizontal lie of the affected testis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Infected and inflamed umbilicus and stump

A

Omphalitis
- caused by Staphylococcal or Streptococcal organisms.

It warrants further investigation and prompt treatment because it can progress to cause more widespread tissue damage (e.g. necrotising fasciitis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Maternal intrapartum lithium use

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly defect?

A

downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve which causes the atrium to increase in size and the right ventricle to become smaller or ‘atrialise’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Balanitis - Mx?

A

inflammation of glans penis

Hygiene (including under the foreskin) with saline washes and a short-course of topical 1% hydrocortisone cream is recommended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Rosenthal Fibres

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Rubella incubation period?

A

14-21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Acoustic Neuromas
Meningiomas
Ependymomas

A

Neruofibromatosis Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

mainstay of treating mild proctitis associated with ulcerative colitis?

A

Per Rectal 5-ASAs (e.g. mesalazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Abdominal migraine presentation?

A

Paroxysmal episodes of intense acute umbilical pain which interferes with daily activities. They occur more than twice in 12 months and are associated with more than two of anorexia, vomiting, photophobia, nausea, headache and pallor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Cells absent in Hirschprung’s disease?

A

Ganglion cells of myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Epiglottitis Abx

A

IV 3rd generation cephalosporin (e.g. ceftriaxone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Tonsillitis ENT referral?

A

> 7 episodes per year for 1 year
5 episodes per year for 2 years
3 episodes per year for 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

monophonic wheeze
sudden-onset breathlessness

A

Foreign body inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Neonate bacterial pneumonia ?

A

Group B Streptococcus, Gram-negative Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Infant Bacterial pneumonia ?

A

HAemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Child >5yrs bacterial penumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Eczema steroid ladder

A

Mild: Hydrocortisone 1%
Moderate: Betamethasone Valerate 0.025% or Clobetasone Butyrate 0.05%
Potent: Betamethasone Valerate 0.1%, Mometasone
If Very Severe: Oral Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Small, scaly red lesions usually on the trunk and upper limbs occurring after a streptococcal throat infection

A

Guttate psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Erythematous rash that is particularly prominent on the cheeks before spreading to the rest of the body

A

Parvovirus B19 infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Molluscum contagiosum Mx?

A

Observation - resolves spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Maculopapular rash beginning on the face and behind the ears before spreading over the trunk and limbs
Koplik spots

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Innocent Murmur 5 S’s?

A

Sensitive to changes in position and breathing
Short duration (i.e. not pansystolic)
Single (i.e. no associated clicks or gallops)
Small (present in a limited area and does not radiate)
Soft (low amplitude)
Systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Cyanotic heart disease
presents within days of birth
does not improve with oxygen therapy

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Prostaglandin infusion for which neonatal patients?

A

Congenital cyanotic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Encephalitis most common causative organism

A

Herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Discrete, rose pink, maculopapular rash across the neck and trunk
Associated with high fever and febrile convulsions

A

Roseola infantum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Rash caused by HHV6B/7

A

Roseola infantum

91
Q

Organisms that cause miscarriage

A

Rubella
CMV
Bacterial vaginosis
HIV
Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Malaria

92
Q

Presents gradually with hip or referred knee pain

Pain on abduction and internal rotation of the affected hip

A

SUFE
Posteroinferior displacement of the epiphysis of the femoral head due to a fracture through the growth plate

93
Q

APGAR?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiratory Effort

94
Q

Mature pincer grip age limit?

A

12 months

95
Q

Walking age limit?

A

18 months

96
Q

Walking unsteadily median age?

A

15 months

97
Q

Prolonged jaundice
Pale stool
Dark urine
Failure to gain weight

A

Biliary atresia

98
Q

Kawasaki Mx?

A

High-Dose Aspirin
IVIG

99
Q

Labial fusion - Mx?

A

Reassurance and follow-up
Usually resolves by puberty

100
Q

associated with keratoderma blenorrhagicum and circinate balanitis

A

Reactive arthritis

101
Q

Asymmetrical oligarthritis
Uveitis
Urethritis

A

Reactive arthritis

101
Q
A
102
Q

Down syndrome - CHD?

A

Atrioventricular Septal Defect

103
Q

Lower back pain
Gait disturbance
Scoliosis
High-arched feet
Neurological dysfunction (bladder and bowel)

A

Tethered spinal cord syndrome

104
Q

Greasy rash with yellow scales primarily affecting the face and scalp

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

105
Q

UTI in 5-yr old girl, first episode - Mx?

A

7-10 day course of oral cephalexin or co-amoxiclav
No imaging required if it is a first-episode and not atypical

106
Q

Abnormality of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial growth plate that causes progressive bowing of the legs

A

Blout’s disease

107
Q

DKA Mx?

A

IV Fluids
Fixed-Rate Insulin Infusion (0.1 u/kg/hr)

108
Q

May present with hyperpigmented spots on the lips, hands and genitalia.
Autosomal dominant disease

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

109
Q

Autosomal dom condition characterised by development of hamartomas throughout the gastrointestinal tract (predominantly the small bowel)

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

110
Q

Painless midline neck mass that moves when swallowing

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

111
Q

Pearly umbilicated papules

A

Molluscum contagiosum

112
Q

Parasitic infestations caused by Sarcoptes scabiei

A

scabies

113
Q

Presents with severe itching especially in the hands
Burrows may be visualised around the webbing of the hands

A

scabies

114
Q

1st line scabies mx?

A

Permethrin

(applied to the whole body and allowed to dry before being washed off 8-12 hours later. A second application must be done one week after the first.)

115
Q

Paeds ALS algorithm

A

15:2

116
Q

Retinoblastoma gene

A

Chromosome 13

117
Q

Bilateral retinoblastoma?

A

Hereditary 100%

118
Q

Child presenting with macroscopic haematuria and an abdominal mass

A

Wilm’s tumour

119
Q

Recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections
50% of patients will have complete situs inversus

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia
+ situs invertus = Kartagener’s syndrome

120
Q

pregnant women drinking unpasteurised milk and eating soft cheeses during pregnancy

A

Listeria monocytogenes

121
Q

Heel prick test screening?

A

Sickle cell disease
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cystic Fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
MCAD deficiency
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovaleric acidaemia
Glutaric aciduria type 1
Homocystinuria

122
Q

Oval-shaped scaly patches often distributed in a fir-tree pattern
Often preceded by a larger herald patch

A

Pityriasis rosea

123
Q

Early onset neonatal sepsis - causative organisms

A

GBS
Listeria monocytogenes

124
Q

Abx - early-onset neonatal sepsis

A

Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

125
Q

What is possetting?

A

Common condition affecting infants characterised by the painless regurgitation of small amounts of feed without any faltering growth

126
Q

Infectious gastroenteritis young children - causative organism?

A

Rotavirus

127
Q

DDH - manoeuvres and Mx?

A

Barlow and Ortolani’s manoeuvres
Pavlik Harness

128
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is swelling and irritation of the growth plate at the top of the shinbone. A growth plate is a layer of cartilage near the end of a bone where most of the bone’s growth happens. It is weaker and more at risk for injury than the rest of the bone.

129
Q

Knee pain - Worsening pain when climbing or descending the stairs

A

chondromalacia patellae

130
Q

osteochondritis dissecans? - Ix?

A

Osteochondritis dissecans is when a piece of bone and the attached cartilage break down and become loose.

MRI

131
Q

Widened joint space
Asymmetrical femoral epiphyseal size
Blurred physeal plate
Radiolucency of the proximal metaphysis

A

Perthes Disease

132
Q

Tenderness over the patellar ligament at the site of insertion into the tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

133
Q

Usually presents before the age of 6 months
Progressive proximal weakness primarily affecting the lower limbs

A

Spinal muscular atrophy

134
Q

Persistent bone pain and swelling (usually affecting the femur or tibia)
Pain is often worse at night and described as being dull and unremitting

A

Osteosarcoma

135
Q

Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA)
Thrombocytopaenia
Renal Impairment (AKI)

A

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

136
Q

Second unprovoked seizure in child?

A

EEG

137
Q

immediate management of transposition of the great arteries

A

Prostaglandin E1 Infusion
Balloon Atrial Septostomy

138
Q

Maculopapular Rash
Persistent Fever > 7 Days
Adenopathy
Strawberry Tongue
Swelling of Hands and Feet

A

Kawasaki

139
Q

Intermittent abdominal pain (presenting with inconsolable crying and drawing knees up to chest)
Stool containing blood and mucus
Sausage-shaped mass in right side of abdomen

A

Intussusception

140
Q

What is Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by the presence of a haemangiomatous facial lesion (port wine stain) in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, abnormal intracranial blood vessels and eye abnormalities (e.g. glaucoma). The neurological manifestations can vary, but many patients suffer from seizures and developmental delay.

141
Q

Hydrocoele - fluid collects where?

A

Tunica vaginalis

142
Q

Cataracts
Sensorineural hearing loss
Congenital heart disease (often PDA)

A

Congenital rubella syndrome

143
Q

Increased work of breathing
Reduced air entry
Bowel sounds in thorax

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

144
Q

Knee pain that is worse with exercise
Tenderness and swelling over the tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood-Schlatter syndrome

145
Q

Med for child >7 yrs w/ nocturnal enureisis

A

Desmopressin

146
Q

Paroxysms of inconsolable crying often with drawing up of the knees and passage of excessive flatulence in an otherwise healthy and well-fed infant.
Crying is usually present for more than 3 hours per day for more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks.

A

Infantile colic

147
Q

most common cause of Eisenmenger syndrome?

A

VSD

148
Q

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

A

In Eisenmenger syndrome, there is irregular blood flow in the heart and lungs. This causes the blood vessels in the lungs to become stiff and narrow. Blood pressure rises in the lungs’ arteries (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Eisenmenger syndrome permanently damages the blood vessels in the lungs.

149
Q

Low-grade, low-stage Wilm’s tumour Tx?

A

Surgical Resection
Vincristine
Dactinomycin

150
Q

Double bubble sign (distended stomach and proximal duodenum separated by the pyloric sphincter)

A

Duodenal atresia

151
Q

Congenital softening of the supraglottic larynx

A

Laryngomalacia

152
Q

Sturge weber syndrome?

A

Trigeminal distribution of port-wine stain (naevus flammeus)
Capillary vascular malformation
Brain vascular involvement too

153
Q

newborn with large bruise coloured area on the buttocks and lower back which seems non-tender

A

This is a Mongolian blue spot

more commonly found in darker skinned races, classically found on the buttocks and lower back and fade as the child grows up

154
Q

5-day-old baby has had a rash for the past 3 days:

  • started on her chest, is spreading to her face and getting worse.
  • erythematous rash on her face, torso and right arm with little pustules
A

Erythema toxicum - innocent

155
Q

3 yr old
tonsillitis 2 weeks ago
- the hips have a full range of movement except he cries on external rotation of the right hip
- after paracetamol he takes a few antalgic steps with encouragement, limping on the right leg.

A

Reactive arthritis

156
Q
  • teenage boy, obese, has just suffered an injury
  • can’t walk R hip pain
  • R leg looks shortened and externally rotated
A

SUFE - manage with internal fixation w/ pin

157
Q

A fracture of the long bones in young children where only one cortex is broken and the other buckled

A

greenstick fracture

158
Q

Newborn baby screening exam: clunk felt on Barlow’s test and a relocation click on Ortolani’s manoeuvre
Next step?

A

DDH identified - book USS for 6 wk screening

159
Q

RFs for DDH:

A

female
first child
breech presentation
clubbed foot
FHx of DDH
oligohydramnios
macrosomia

160
Q

associated with HLA-B27 tissue types
presents in older boys with large joint arthritis
swollen tender tendons
sacro-iliitis
bamboo spine on x-ray

It is associated with anterior uveitis which if left untreated may cause blindness

A

Enthesitis-related arthritis

161
Q

Interphalyngeal joint swelling
Scaly skin rash
Nail pitting
Dactylitis

A

Psoriatic arthritis

162
Q

an arthritis originally affecting one or two joints for the first 6 weeks and over time has spread to multiple joints

A

Extended oligoarthritis

163
Q

acute illness with daily fevers, malaise, failure to thrive, rash, muscle and joint aches for greater than 6 weeks associated with raised inflammatory markers

A

Systemic JIA
/ Still’s Disease

164
Q

more common in girls and presents with symmetrical arthritis of the wrists, hands, ankles and knees

A

Polyarticular arteritis

165
Q

Weak and clumsy 5-yr old boy
wasting of quadriceps
walks in waddling gait
Blood CK 1600mmol/L

A

Muscular dystrophy

166
Q

Complications of Down’s Syndrome

A

B. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)

C. Type 1 diabetes

D. Leukaemia

E. Alzheimer’s disease

167
Q

What is the inheritance of Prader–Willi syndrome?

A

Imprinting - for some chromosomes, you need the paternal or maternal chromosome to be present for normal functioning. To inherit Prader–Willi syndrome, there is loss of part of the paternal chromosome 15

168
Q

illness with lactose-containing milks, with vomiting, cataracts and recurrent episodes of Escherichia coli sepsis

A

Galactosaemia

169
Q

Gene affected in Marfan’s and inheritance pattern

A

Fibrillin gene - autosomal dominant

170
Q

10 year old boy
widely spaced nipples, wide carrying angle, hypogonadism, pulmonary stenosis and developmental delay

A

Noonan’s syndrome

171
Q

Insidious meningitis symptoms onset

A

TB

172
Q

congenital CMV infection

A

A. Deafness

B. Intrauterine growth retardation

C. Hydrocephalus

D. Thrombocytopenia

173
Q

Rose spots and gastroenteritis - organism

A

Salmonella typhi

174
Q

VACTERL syndrome?

A

VACTERL represents an acronym for a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies such as vertebral anomalies, anorectal anomalies (anal atresia), cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula or atresia, renal anomalies, and limb anomalies

175
Q

Why do neonates from GDM mothers have hypoglycaemia?

A

They become used to having high levels of circulating glucose from their mother and therefore increase their baseline insulin production. At delivery, this supply of glucose is removed and the residual insulin will decrease their glucose, predisposing to hypoglycaemia

176
Q

Term infant, ulcers in his mouth, vesicles on palms of hands.
Poor feeding for 2 days

A

Coxsackie A16 - hand, foot and mouth disease

177
Q

recurrent febrile seizures - rescue medication?

A

Buccal midazolam
Rectal Diazepam

178
Q

Head injury in child + vomiting - Mx

A

CT immediately if >3 episodes vomiting

179
Q

Hand preference before 12 months?

A

Cerebral palsy

180
Q

Neonatal hypoglycaemia, no symptoms - Mx?

A

Encourage continued breastfeeding and monitor glucose

181
Q

Perianal itching in children -> other family members too?
Itching worse at night, > 1wk
Two slender white worms noted in perianal region

A

Enterobius vermicularis - threadworms

182
Q

Machinery murmur at the upper left sternal edge

A

PDA

183
Q

Cubitus valgus and low-set ears
Primary amenorrhoea
Syndrome and Cardiac abnormality?

A

Turner’s syndrome
- ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve

184
Q

Methylphenidate monitoring?

A

Weight and height every 6 months

It is a stimulant and may suppress appetite and cause growth impairment in children

185
Q

Newborn - notable microcephaly and an absent philtrum. On examination there is a pansystolic murmur auscultated.

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

186
Q

What is the most common cardiac pathology associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

187
Q
  • erythematous rash across the child’s trunk and limbs. The rash does not appear itchy and blanches with pressure
  • common 6 months - 2 years
  • fever followed later by rash
A

Roseola infantum

188
Q

Threadworm first line Tx

A

Oral Mebendazole

189
Q

A 48 hour old neonate develops increasing abdominal distension. He had a normal delivery but has yet to pass any meconium. Following digital rectal examination liquid stool is released.

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

190
Q

A 7 month old girl presents with vomiting and diarrhoea. She is crying and drawing her legs up. There is a a sausage shaped mass in the abdomen.

A

Intussusception

191
Q

A 1 month old baby girl presents with bile stained vomiting. She has an exomphalos and a congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

A

Malrotation
Exomphalos and diaphragmatic herniae are commonly associated with malrotation.

192
Q

Children under the age of 5 years who have nocturnal enuresis - Mx?

A

Reassurance and advice on fluid intake, diet and toileting behaviour

193
Q

Midline neck swelling
Rises on protrusion of the tongue

A

Thyroglossal cyst

194
Q

Mum uses labetalol
neonate is jittery and hypotonic

A

Neonatal hypoglycaemia

195
Q

Seizures / contractions
Hypsarrhythmia on EEG
Abnormal MRI

A

Infantile spasps / West syndrome

196
Q

First-line for West Syndrome / infantile spasms

A

Poor prognosis
Vigabatrin
ACTH also used

197
Q

Coryza and fever for last few days
Red rash on cheeks and pallor surrounding mouth

A

Parvovirus B19 - Slapped cheeck syndrome - erythema infectiosum

198
Q

Medication to relieve ongoing spasticity in cerebral palsy, which causes pain and contractures

A

Baclofen - muscle relaxant and antispastic agent

198
Q

abdo pain
USS shows target sign

A

Intussusception

199
Q

Average child sits without support at what age?

A

6-8 months

200
Q

abdominal X-ray is requested which reveals gas cysts in the bowel wall

A

Necrotising enterocolitis

201
Q

investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy?

A

Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)

202
Q

Pyloric stenosis management

A

Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy

203
Q

A 4 year boy presents with an abnormal gait. He has a history of recent viral illness. His WCC is 11 and ESR is 30.

A

Transient synovitis

204
Q

A 6-year-old boy presents with an groin pain. He is known to be disruptive in class. He reports that he is bullied for being short. On examination he has an antalgic gait and pain on internal rotation of the right hip.

A

Perthes disease

205
Q

An obese 12-year-old boy is referred with pain in the left knee and hip. On examination he has an antaglic gait and limitation of internal rotation. His knee has normal range of passive and active movement.

A

SUFE

206
Q

The mother describes coughing followed by periods in which the child stops breathing and turns blue

A

Bordetella pertussis

Infants with pertussis may present with apnoeas rather than the classic whoop.

207
Q

cerebral palsy - involuntary movements, excessive salivation and mastication difficulties - which type?

A

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy - manifests as athetoid movements and oromotor problems

208
Q

Diffuse rash involving cheeks, neck and torso. Doesn’t affect palms. Rash is red, and texture is rough. Management?

A

Oral pen V for 10 days

209
Q

Cerebral palsy type? - Hypertonic, muscle stiffness

A

Spastic cerebral palsy

210
Q

Cerebral palsy type? - poor coordination and balance

A

Ataxic cerebral palsy

211
Q

Bacterial meningitis < 3months Abx?

A

IV cefotaxime and IV amoxicillin

212
Q

Whooping cough management?

A

Oral azithromycin / clarithromycin
if onset of cough is within 21 days

213
Q

Newborn not feeding well, 16 days
Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
No infection, normal TFTs,
Raised conj bilirubin, liver transaminases and bile acids

A

Biliary atresia -> surgical intervention

214
Q

Mx:
Jittery baby, irregular RR
Mother had GDM

A

Neonatal hypoglycaemia - if symptomatic or very low BM, admit to neonatal uunit and give IV 10% dextrose

215
Q

Barlow test?

A

Attempt to dislocate an articulated femoral head

216
Q

Ortolani test?

A

Attemt to relocate a dislocated femoral head

217
Q

Undescended testes complications

A

Testicular torsion
Infertility
Testicular cancer

218
Q

Constipation in children - Mx?

A

Advice on diet/fluid intake + Movicol Paediatric Plan

219
Q

Child <3yrs presenting with acute limp

A

Urgent hospital referral

220
Q

Infant with bilious vomiting & obstruction, bringin legs up and crying

A

Intestinal malrotation

221
Q
A

defne extra buzzwords (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions