Histopathology Buzzwords Flashcards
Malignancy
multiple emboli
no cardiac murmurs
echo shows vegetations
BCs neg
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Sterile fibrin and platelet vegetations are
present on cardiac valves
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
tall, long limbs and long thin fingers
aortic regurg murmur
tearing chest pain radiating to back
marfan’s syndrome
Cystic medial necrosis = focal degeneration of elastic tissue and muscle fibres in the tunica media -> aneurysm
Marfan’s syndrome
How long after MI?
- extensive cell infiltration including polymorphs and macrophages
- extensive debris post necrosis and the cytoplasm is homogeneous
- no evidence of
collagenization or a scar
1-4 days
Arteries have onion skin appearance
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Swelling and stiffness of fingers
Diffuse Scleroderma
Anti-topoisomerase
Periorbital oedema
Purple Heliotrope rash on eyelids
Erythematous scaling rash on face
High SK-M enzymes
Dermatomyositis
MS patient has plaques, what is their classification (ICDNS):
presence of oedema and macrophages, and some myelin breakdown
Early chronic active plaque
Brain atrophy
loss of neurons
senile plaques
neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer’s disease
Phosphorylated tau protein
Aggregation of beta-amyloid
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cell change - Oesophageal biopsy shows columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Metaplasia
Barrett’s oesophagus is a change between what?
normal stratified squamous epithelium -> columnar epithelium
Histological examination of pancreas - parenchymal fibrosis and large
ducts containing insipissated secretions
chronic pancreatitis
Histology
shows chronic inflammation with parenchymal fibrosis, loss of pancreatic
parenchymal elements and duct strictures with formation of intrapancreatic calculi. Jaundice may occur; it is a presenting feature in
only a small proportion of patients and would be secondary to common
bile duct obstruction during its course through the fibrosed head of the
pancreas. Grossly, the pancreas is replaced by firm fibrous tissue within
which are dilated ducts and areas of calcification
Gutalim Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) antibody positive
Diabetes mellitus type 1
AMA antibody associated with which autoimmune conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Mutation of the copper transport ATPase gene on Ch13
Wilson’s disease
Arthritis
Myositis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Ulcerative Colitis
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
USS shows hydrosaplinx, which is a complication of?
Salpingitis
Hydrosalpinx,
a complication of salpingitis, is the dilation of the fallopian tube that is
thin-walled and contains clear fluid. This is believed to be a sequel to
previous inflammatory damage to the tube. The scarring sequelae are
believed to include plical fusion, adhesions to the ovary, tubo-ovarian
abscess, peritonitis, hydrosalpinx, infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Dysmenorrhoea
Multiple large rounded nodules, well-circumscribed
With pseudocapsule
Fibroid, aka Leiomyoma
Acute onset severe abdo pain
USS shows mass in ovary with three embryonic germ cell layers
Cystic Teratoma of the ovary - torsion presentation
IDA blood film
Hypochromic and microcytic red blood cells with anisopoikilocytosis and
no evidence of basophilic stippling
Serological and histological findings of Coeliac Disease
Anti-endomysial antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies/
villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes
Shepherd’s crook deformity
polyostotic fibrous displasia - varus angulation of the proximal femur
Loose fibrous tissue with metaplastic immature or woven bone trabeculae arranged in Chinese letters formation
Fibrous dysplasia
cotton wool calcification
tumour composed of benign hyaline cartilage
slight risk of malignant transformation
Enchondroma - benign intramedullary cartilage tumnour
bluish-grey lobules of hyaline cartilage
thin lamellar bone layer surrounding cartilage nodules
enchondroma
elevated periosteum = codman’s triangle
ill-defined lytic and sclerotic mass
oscteosarcoma
cytopathology method in cervical smear test
Liquid-based cytology
Histology of lung tumour shows keratinisation and intercellular “prickles”
Squamous cell carcinoma
Erythema multiforme (target-shaped lesions)
Fever
Painful ulcers in mouth
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Splintered fracture with soft tissue in tact
Comminuted fracture
Subchondral cyst formation
Joint space narrowing
Osteophytes
Subchondral Sclerosis
Osteoarthritis
Loin pain, fevers, rigors, vomiting
Microscopic Haematuria
White cell casts
Acute pyelonephritis
Red cell casts
Glomerulonephritis
Esopinophiluria
Tubulointerstitial nephirits
Large necrotic solid tumour with extrarenal invasion
Immature-looking glomerular structures
Wilm’s tumour
Red painful breast
Cracks and fissures on nipple
Acute mastitis
Blood-stained nipple discharge
Papillary mass lined by epitheliuma nd muoepithelium
Intraductal Papilloma
Histopath: scanty deposits of immunoglobulins and complement present with ANCA
Urine casts of RBCs and WBCs
Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
Urinary protein loss
Interference with podocyte function
No glomerular crescents
Nephrotic syndrome
Nutmeg liver
Haemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs
Unknown cause of death
Left heart failure
Chest pain, fever, pericardial rub
Complication of MI
Dressler’s syndrome
Sydenham’s chorea Hx
Mitral regurg
Rheumatic Heart disease
Aschkoff bodies
Anitschow cells
Mitral regurg from Rheumatic heart disease
Coughing up pink frothy sputum
pulmonary oedema
Anti-dsDNA positive
SLE
Renal failure and p-ANCA positive
Microscopic polyangitis
Gottron’s papules
Heliotrope rash
High CK
Dermatomyositis
DAT scan reveals reduced uptake in the substantia nigra
Parkinson’s DIsease
Degeneration of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of the
basal ganglia leads to reduced production of dopamine
Parkinson’s Disease
Elderly with delayed presentation after a fall
Extradural Haemorrhage
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Blurred vision
Weakness
Multiple sclerosis
Clinical features include optic neuritis, intranuclear opthalmoplegia (disruption of medial longitudinal fasciculus) and cerebellar signs, as well as spasticity and weakness of limbs.
Gastric lesion - signet ring cells and linitis plastica
Gastric carcinoma
Ultrasound of the patient’s liver reveals irregular echogenicity
demonstrating nodules
cirrhosis
liver biopsy sample stains blue with Perl’s Prussian blue stain
Haemochromatosis
Exposure to aflatoxin
Hepatocellular carcinoma
PBC associated with what syndrome?
Sjogren’s syndrome
Nikolsky’s positive
Pemphigus vulgaris
salmon-pink plaques with a
silver–
white scale on the extensor surfaces
Psoriasis
Biopsy of the lesion reveals solar
elastosis
Actinic keratosis
Haematuria
Hypertensive
Red and white cell casts
Nephritic syndrome
AKI
Crescent morphology
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Statin-related rhabdomyolysis
“Muddy” casts in urine
Acute TUbular necrosis
Green discharge from nipple
Duct ectasia
Lytic lesions in epiphysis of knee
Giant cell tumour
cafe-au-lait spots
Numerous fractures
Precocious puberty
McCune Albright Syndrome
HTN
haematuria
flank pain
Polycystic kidney disease
phospholipase A2?
idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
basement membrane thickening on light microscopy
subepithelial spikes on sliver stain
positive immunohistochemistry for PLA2
membranous glomerulonephritis
silver staining = subendothelial spikes in kidney histology
membranous glomerulonephritis
proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema
nephrotic syndrome
Glomerular hypertrophy
acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
proliferation of the mesangial cells
IgA nephropathy
Deposits of immune complex in the mesangial cells
IgA nephropathy
Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane
Nephrotic syndrome: diabetic nephropathy or membranous glomerulonephrotpathy
expansion of the mesangial matrix
diabetic nephropathy
REnal biopsy: granular appearance on immunofluorescence
Post-strep glomerulonephritis
Renal biopsy: subepithelial humps at the glomerular basement membrane on electron microscopy
Post-strep glomerulonephritis
immune complex (IgG, IgM and C3) deposition in the glomeruli
Post-strep glomerulonephritis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions, nodular glomerulosclerosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Enlarged and hypercellular glomeruli
post-strep glomerulonephritis
Crescent moon shaped glomeruli
rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis
first-line treatment for acute pyelonephritis
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone
a 35-year-old woman presents with pain on the right side of her back. This is constant and associated with fever and rigor
acute pyelonephritis
a 40-year-old man presents with severe pain on the right side of his back. This comes in waves. On examination he is restless with blood+ on the urine dipstick
renal colic
A 45-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome is noted to have marked loss of subcutaneous tissue from the face
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type II)
A 30-year-old man presents with haemoptysis and renal failure. A renal biopsy shows linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane
Goodpasture’s syndrome
