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DEFNE Extra Buzzwords > Histopathology Buzzwords > Flashcards

Histopathology Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Malignancy
multiple emboli
no cardiac murmurs
echo shows vegetations
BCs neg

A

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

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2
Q

Sterile fibrin and platelet vegetations are
present on cardiac valves

A

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

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3
Q

tall, long limbs and long thin fingers
aortic regurg murmur
tearing chest pain radiating to back

A

marfan’s syndrome

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4
Q

Cystic medial necrosis = focal degeneration of elastic tissue and muscle fibres in the tunica media -> aneurysm

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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5
Q

How long after MI?
- extensive cell infiltration including polymorphs and macrophages
- extensive debris post necrosis and the cytoplasm is homogeneous
- no evidence of
collagenization or a scar

A

1-4 days

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6
Q

Arteries have onion skin appearance
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Swelling and stiffness of fingers

A

Diffuse Scleroderma
Anti-topoisomerase

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7
Q

Periorbital oedema
Purple Heliotrope rash on eyelids
Erythematous scaling rash on face
High SK-M enzymes

A

Dermatomyositis

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8
Q

MS patient has plaques, what is their classification (ICDNS):
presence of oedema and macrophages, and some myelin breakdown

A

Early chronic active plaque

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9
Q

Brain atrophy
loss of neurons
senile plaques
neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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10
Q

Phosphorylated tau protein
Aggregation of beta-amyloid

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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11
Q

Cell change - Oesophageal biopsy shows columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

Metaplasia

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12
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus is a change between what?

A

normal stratified squamous epithelium -> columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Histological examination of pancreas - parenchymal fibrosis and large
ducts containing insipissated secretions

A

chronic pancreatitis

Histology
shows chronic inflammation with parenchymal fibrosis, loss of pancreatic
parenchymal elements and duct strictures with formation of intrapancreatic calculi. Jaundice may occur; it is a presenting feature in
only a small proportion of patients and would be secondary to common
bile duct obstruction during its course through the fibrosed head of the
pancreas. Grossly, the pancreas is replaced by firm fibrous tissue within
which are dilated ducts and areas of calcification

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14
Q

Gutalim Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) antibody positive

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1

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15
Q

AMA antibody associated with which autoimmune conditions

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma
Primary biliary cirrhosis

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16
Q

Mutation of the copper transport ATPase gene on Ch13

A

Wilson’s disease

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17
Q

Arthritis
Myositis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis infection
USS shows hydrosaplinx, which is a complication of?

A

Salpingitis

Hydrosalpinx,
a complication of salpingitis, is the dilation of the fallopian tube that is
thin-walled and contains clear fluid. This is believed to be a sequel to
previous inflammatory damage to the tube. The scarring sequelae are
believed to include plical fusion, adhesions to the ovary, tubo-ovarian
abscess, peritonitis, hydrosalpinx, infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

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19
Q

Dysmenorrhoea
Multiple large rounded nodules, well-circumscribed
With pseudocapsule

A

Fibroid, aka Leiomyoma

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20
Q

Acute onset severe abdo pain
USS shows mass in ovary with three embryonic germ cell layers

A

Cystic Teratoma of the ovary - torsion presentation

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21
Q

IDA blood film

A

Hypochromic and microcytic red blood cells with anisopoikilocytosis and
no evidence of basophilic stippling

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22
Q

Serological and histological findings of Coeliac Disease

A

Anti-endomysial antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies/
villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes

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23
Q

Shepherd’s crook deformity

A

polyostotic fibrous displasia - varus angulation of the proximal femur

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24
Q

Loose fibrous tissue with metaplastic immature or woven bone trabeculae arranged in Chinese letters formation

A

Fibrous dysplasia

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25
Q

cotton wool calcification
tumour composed of benign hyaline cartilage
slight risk of malignant transformation

A

Enchondroma - benign intramedullary cartilage tumnour

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26
Q

bluish-grey lobules of hyaline cartilage
thin lamellar bone layer surrounding cartilage nodules

A

enchondroma

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27
Q

elevated periosteum = codman’s triangle
ill-defined lytic and sclerotic mass

A

oscteosarcoma

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28
Q

cytopathology method in cervical smear test

A

Liquid-based cytology

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29
Q

Histology of lung tumour shows keratinisation and intercellular “prickles”

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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30
Q

Erythema multiforme (target-shaped lesions)
Fever
Painful ulcers in mouth

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

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31
Q

Splintered fracture with soft tissue in tact

A

Comminuted fracture

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32
Q

Subchondral cyst formation
Joint space narrowing
Osteophytes
Subchondral Sclerosis

A

Osteoarthritis

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33
Q

Loin pain, fevers, rigors, vomiting
Microscopic Haematuria
White cell casts

A

Acute pyelonephritis

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34
Q

Red cell casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

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35
Q

Esopinophiluria

A

Tubulointerstitial nephirits

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36
Q

Large necrotic solid tumour with extrarenal invasion
Immature-looking glomerular structures

A

Wilm’s tumour

37
Q

Red painful breast
Cracks and fissures on nipple

A

Acute mastitis

38
Q

Blood-stained nipple discharge
Papillary mass lined by epitheliuma nd muoepithelium

A

Intraductal Papilloma

39
Q

Histopath: scanty deposits of immunoglobulins and complement present with ANCA
Urine casts of RBCs and WBCs

A

Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis

40
Q

Urinary protein loss
Interference with podocyte function
No glomerular crescents

A

Nephrotic syndrome

41
Q

Nutmeg liver
Haemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs
Unknown cause of death

A

Left heart failure

42
Q

Chest pain, fever, pericardial rub
Complication of MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome

43
Q

Sydenham’s chorea Hx
Mitral regurg

A

Rheumatic Heart disease

44
Q

Aschkoff bodies
Anitschow cells

A

Mitral regurg from Rheumatic heart disease

45
Q

Coughing up pink frothy sputum

A

pulmonary oedema

46
Q

Anti-dsDNA positive

A

SLE

47
Q

Renal failure and p-ANCA positive

A

Microscopic polyangitis

48
Q

Gottron’s papules
Heliotrope rash
High CK

A

Dermatomyositis

49
Q

DAT scan reveals reduced uptake in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s DIsease

50
Q

Degeneration of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of the
basal ganglia leads to reduced production of dopamine

A

Parkinson’s Disease

51
Q

Elderly with delayed presentation after a fall

A

Extradural Haemorrhage

52
Q

Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Blurred vision
Weakness

A

Multiple sclerosis

Clinical features include optic neuritis, intranuclear opthalmoplegia (disruption of medial longitudinal fasciculus) and cerebellar signs, as well as spasticity and weakness of limbs.

53
Q

Gastric lesion - signet ring cells and linitis plastica

A

Gastric carcinoma

54
Q

Ultrasound of the patient’s liver reveals irregular echogenicity
demonstrating nodules

A

cirrhosis

55
Q

liver biopsy sample stains blue with Perl’s Prussian blue stain

A

Haemochromatosis

56
Q

Exposure to aflatoxin

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

57
Q

PBC associated with what syndrome?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

58
Q

Nikolsky’s positive

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

59
Q

salmon-pink plaques with a
silver–
white scale on the extensor surfaces

A

Psoriasis

60
Q

Biopsy of the lesion reveals solar
elastosis

A

Actinic keratosis

61
Q

Haematuria
Hypertensive
Red and white cell casts

A

Nephritic syndrome

62
Q

AKI
Crescent morphology

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

63
Q

Statin-related rhabdomyolysis
“Muddy” casts in urine

A

Acute TUbular necrosis

64
Q

Green discharge from nipple

A

Duct ectasia

65
Q

Lytic lesions in epiphysis of knee

A

Giant cell tumour

66
Q

cafe-au-lait spots
Numerous fractures
Precocious puberty

A

McCune Albright Syndrome

67
Q

HTN
haematuria
flank pain

A

Polycystic kidney disease

68
Q

phospholipase A2?

A

idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis

69
Q

basement membrane thickening on light microscopy
subepithelial spikes on sliver stain
positive immunohistochemistry for PLA2

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

70
Q

silver staining = subendothelial spikes in kidney histology

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

71
Q

proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema

A

nephrotic syndrome

72
Q

Glomerular hypertrophy

A

acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

73
Q

proliferation of the mesangial cells

A

IgA nephropathy

74
Q

Deposits of immune complex in the mesangial cells

A

IgA nephropathy

75
Q

Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane

A

Nephrotic syndrome: diabetic nephropathy or membranous glomerulonephrotpathy

76
Q

expansion of the mesangial matrix

A

diabetic nephropathy

77
Q

REnal biopsy: granular appearance on immunofluorescence

A

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

78
Q

Renal biopsy: subepithelial humps at the glomerular basement membrane on electron microscopy

A

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

79
Q

immune complex (IgG, IgM and C3) deposition in the glomeruli

A

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

80
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions, nodular glomerulosclerosis

A

Diabetic nephropathy

81
Q

Enlarged and hypercellular glomeruli

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis

82
Q

Crescent moon shaped glomeruli

A

rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

83
Q

first-line treatment for acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

83
Q

a 35-year-old woman presents with pain on the right side of her back. This is constant and associated with fever and rigor

A

acute pyelonephritis

83
Q

a 40-year-old man presents with severe pain on the right side of his back. This comes in waves. On examination he is restless with blood+ on the urine dipstick

A

renal colic

83
Q

A 45-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome is noted to have marked loss of subcutaneous tissue from the face

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type II)

84
Q

A 30-year-old man presents with haemoptysis and renal failure. A renal biopsy shows linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

85
Q
A

DEFNE Extra Buzzwords (14 decks)

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