Paeds Flashcards
Treatment for whooping cough (bordetella pertusis)?
Azithromycin or clarithromycin
What is in the tetralogy of fallot?
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
right ventricular hypertrophy
right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
Most common cardiac abnorality in babys with Down’s?
ASD
What’s Ortolani and Barlow’s tests?
Barlow test: attempts to dislocate an articulated femoral head
Ortolani test: attempts to relocate a dislocated femoral head
B before O
When do you get the rotavirus vaccine?
2 MO and 3 MO
When do you get the Men B vaccine?
2 Mo, 3Mo, 12Mo
When do you get the pneumococcal vaccine?
3Mo, 12 Mo
When do you get the MMR vaccine?
12 Mo, 3yrs 4Mo
What’s in the 6 in 1 vaccine and when do you get it?
Polio, Whooping, Influenza (Hib), Tetanus, B (hep), Diphtheria
Parents will immunise toddlers because death
2Mo, 3Mo, 4Mo
What’s in the 4 in 1 vaccine and when do you get it?
Same as 6 in 1 except the Hs
Polio, whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria
(no Hib or Hep B )
3yrs 4Mo
What’s in the 3 in 1 vaccine and when do you get it?
tetanus, diptheria, polio
13-18 yrs
Difference between cephalohaematoma and caput succedaneum?
Cephalohaematoma - doesn’t cross suture lines
Takes months to resolve
Caput succadaneum - does cross suture lines
(succ = succeeds in crossing the line)
Takes days to resolve
Both managed conservatively
More common after difficult/ prolonged deliveries
When is the blood spot test done and which diseases does it screen for?
Between day 5-9 of life
Sickle cell disease
Cystic fibrosis, congenital
Hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD)
Under which age would you always admit a child with a fever to hospital regardless of if they seem well?
Any child less than 3 months old with a temperature > 38ºC is regarded as a ‘red’ feature in the new NICE guidelines, warranting urgent referral to a paediatrician
When is jaundice definitely bad?
When it develops within the first 24 hours post delivery
Physiological jaundice develops 2-3 days post-delivery and should resolve by 14 days.
Knee problems in adolescents - what are the features?
Chondromalacia patellae
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osteochondritis dissecans
Chondromalacia patellae - softening of the cartilage of the patella. Anterior knee pain.
Teenage girls.
Osgood Schlatter disease - anterior knee pain in sporty teenagers. Pain and swelling over the tibial tubercle.
Osteochondritis - pain after exercise with intermittent swelling and locking.
Kawasaki versus scarlet fever
Both conditions that cause a rash + fever
Kawasaki - vasculitis
Palms and soles may be involved, cracked lips, conjunctivitis
Scarlet fever - bacterial infection
Spares palms/ soles
What are the doses of IM benpen for suspected meningitis?
< 1 year 300 mg
1 - 10 years 600 mg
> 10 years 1200 mg
What is Barter’s syndrome?
Inherited (autosomal recessive)
Severe hypokalaemia
Failure to thrive
Polyuria and polydipsia, normotension
What is Hirschprung’s disease and how is it managed?
Absence of ganglion cells in the submucosa
Presents with failure or delay to pass meconium, later: constipation and poor feeding
Can be seen in Down’s syndrome
Serial rectal irrigation should be performed before surgery to help prevent enterocolitis
What is perthes and when does it present?
AVN of the femoral head
4-8 years
hip pain: develops progressively over a few weeks, limp, stiffness and reduced range of hip movement
x-ray: early changes include widening of joint space, later changes include decreased femoral head size/flattening
What is acrocyanosis?
Occurs in the first 24-48 hours of life
Peripheral cyanosis with normal central perfusion and oxygen saturations
What is the school exclusion rule for impetigo?
Until lesions are crusted and healed, or 48 hours
after commencing antibiotic treatment
What is the school exclusion criteria for measles, mumps and rubella?
Measles/ rubella - 4/5 days from rash onset
Mumps - 5 days from onset of swollen glands
What is the school exclusion rule for chickenpox?
Until all lesions are crusted over
What is the school exclusion rule for whooping cough?
2 days after commencing antibiotics (or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics )
What is the shool exclusion rule for scarlet fever?
24 hours after commencing antibiotics
Edward Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Micrognathia (small jaw)
Low-set ears
Rocker bottom feet
Overlapping of fingers
Fragile X
Learning difficulties
Macrocephaly
Long face
Large ears
Macro-orchidism
X = Xlarge things
Noonan syndrome?
Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
Pierre Robin syndrome
Micrognathia
Posterior displacement of the tongue (may result in upper airway obstruction)
Cleft palate
William’s syndrome?
Short stature
Learning difficulties
Friendly, extrovert personality
Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Do all kids with suspected transient synovitis need referred?
Yes - because the alternative diagnosis is septic arthritis which you cannot miss
