Paeds Flashcards
What causes epiglottitis?
Haemophilus Influenza Type B
What presents with: Rapid onset High temp Stridor Drooling Tripod position (easier to breathe when leaning forward)
Epiglottitis
Management of epiglottitis?
Hospital
DO NOT examine throat
Oxygen
IV antibiotics
What is the most common complication of roseola infantum?
Febrile Convulsions
What causes roseola infantum?
Herpes Virus 6
Who gets roseola infantum?
6 months - 2 years
Features of roseola infantum?
High fever Few days later -> Maculopapular ras Nagayama spots (papular enathem on uvula and soft palate) Febrile convulsions Diarrhoea and cough
Child <5 with asthma not controlled by SABA+ICS
Add leukotriene receptor
> 5 asthma management?
- SABA
- SABA + ICS
- SABA + ICS + Leukotriene
- SABA + ICS + LABA
- SABA + MART
Kawasaki disease management?
High dose aspirin
IV IG
Echocardiogram to screen for coronary artery aneurysms
What medication is given for scarlet fever?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
What is an umbilical granuloma?
Overgrowth of tissue during healing of umbilicus after birth.
What presents as a small red growth in centre of umbilicus, wet, leaks clear or yellow fluid
umbilical granuloma
How do you treat an umbilical granuloma?
Salt to the wound
Can be cauterised with silver nitrate
What is omphalitis?
Bacterial infection of the umbilical stump after a few days of birth
How common are umbilical hernias?
1 in 5 newborns. Resolve in 2 years
What is persistent urachus?
urinary discharge from the umbilicus due to persistent urachus which attaches to the bladder
What is persistent vitello-intestinal duct?
Umbilical discharges bowel content. Imaged using contrast study.
What is transient tachypnoea of the new born?
Delayed resorption of fluid in lungs.
More common after C sections.
Settles in 1-2 days.
CXR of TTN?
Hyperinflation of lungs and fluid in horizontal fissure
Management of TTN?
Observation and supportive care
Features of foetal varicella syndrome?
Skin scarring Eye defects (small eyes, cataracts, chorioretinitis) Neuro defects (reduced IQ, abnormal sphincter function, microcephaly)
What causes bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus
What age gets bronchiolitis?
<1, winter
Features of bronchiolitis
Coryzal symptoms precede: Dry cough Increasing breathlessness Wheezing - fine inspiratory crackles Feeding difficulties due to increasing dyspnoea
Bronchiolitis management?
Supportive
Foetal alcohol syndrome features?
Microcephaly Short palpebral fissures Thin upper lip Absent philtrum Reduced IQ Cardiac abnormalities
Risks of cigarette smoking in pregnancy
Miscarriage
Stillbirth
Pre-term labour
IUGR
Features of rubella in pregnancy?
Cataract
Deafness
Cardiac abnormalities
Features of maternal syphilis infection?
Rhinitis, saddle shaped nose, deafness, Hutchinson’s incisors
Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anaemia, jaundice
Epstein’s anomaly?
Congenital condition.
Due to lithium in utero.
Cyanosis, prominent a wave in JVP, hepatomegaly, tricuspid regurgitation, RBBB
What is the commonest croup cause?
Parainfluenza virus
What age group gets croup?
6 months - 3 years
Autumn
Features of croup?
Stridor
Barking cough worse at night
Fever
Coryzal symptoms
Croup management?
Single dose oral dexamethasone
Emergency croup treatment?
High flow oxygen and nebulised adrenaline
Commonest cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Loud single S2
Prominent right ventricular impulse
Transposition of the great arteries
Pulses felt in paediatric BLS
Brachial and femoral
Commonest cause of painless massive GI bleeding requiring transfusion in children between 1 and 2?
Meckel’s diverticulum
When do you get the MenB vaccine?
2,4 and 12-13 months
Treatment for whooping cough?
Azithromycin or clarithromycin
AKA a macrolide
At what age us the MMR given?
12-13 months
