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Finals > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary ACS prevention?

A

Aspirin, clopidogrel, B blocker, ACEi, statin

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2
Q

Adenosine SE?

A

Chest pain
Bronchospasm - avoid in asthmatics
Transient flushes

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3
Q

What rhythms are shockable?

A

VF and Pulseless VT

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4
Q

BBlocker + Verapamil =

A

VerapaKILL

Complete heart block

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5
Q

Type A and B aortic dissection?

A 
A = ascending aorta (2/3 of cases) - surgical management 
B = descending aorta - conservative management
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6
Q

CXR aortic dissection?

A

Widened mediastinum

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7
Q

Top 2 causes of sudden cardiac death?

A
  1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2. Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

What is ARVC?

A

Right ventricular myocardium replaced by fatty tissue.
Presents with palpitations, syncope and sudden cardiac death.
Epsilon on ECG.

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9
Q

ARVC management?

A

Solatol
Catheter ablation to prevent Vtach
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

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10
Q

Naxos disease

A

ARVC, palmoplantar keratosis, wooly hair

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11
Q

Atrial myxoma

A

Most common primary cardiac tumour.
75% in left atrium.
Mid-diastolic murmur = tumour plop

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12
Q

BBlocker SE?

A 
Bronchospasm
Fatigue
Cold peripheries
Sleep disturbance - nightmares
Erectile dysfunction
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13
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Reversible direct thrombin inhibitor used as an anticoagulant in ACS

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14
Q

Brugada Syndrome?

A 
Can cause sudden cardiac death.
Inherited.
Convex ST elevation in V1-V3 with a negative T wave.
Partial RBBB.
Manage with implantable cardioverter.
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15
Q

What is the first cardiac enzyme to rise?

A

Myoglobin

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16
Q

Why is CK-MB useful?

A

To look for re- infarction as returns to normal after 2-3 days

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17
Q

What type of valvular defect is most common after infective endocarditis?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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18
Q

Aortic regurgitation presentation?

A 
Early diastolic murmur
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure 
Quincke's sign
De Musset sign
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19
Q

How does pericarditis present?

A

Pleuritic chest pain, relieved by sitting forward.

Tachypnoea and tachycardia

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20
Q

ECG changes in pericarditis?

A

Saddle shaped ST elevation.

PR depression.

21
Q

Pericarditis treatment?

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

22
Q

Beck’s Triad?

A
  1. Muffled heart sounds
  2. Raised JVP
  3. Hypotension

= CARDIAC TAMPONADE

23
Q

Cardiac tamponade treatment?

A

Pericardiocentesis

24
Q

Cardiac tamponade ECG finding?

A

Electric alternans

25
Q

How does a posterior MI present on ECG?

A

Tall R waves in V1-V2

26
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

A

Stress induced.
Eg. pt finds out family member dies, develops chest pain and features of HF.
Transient, apical ballooning of myocardium.
Supportive treatment

27
Q

Sudden dyspnoea and pleuritic chest pain. Calf pain/swelling.
COCP user.
Malignancy

A

PE

28
Q

Tearing chest pain radiating through to back

A

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

29
Q

Boerhaaves Syndrome

A

Spontaneous rupture of oesophagus due to repeated vomiting. Sudden onset severe chest pain. CT contrast swallow.

30
Q

CHF management?

A
  1. ACE + B blocker
  2. Spironolactone or epleroenone
  3. Ivabradine/sacubitril-valsartan/digoxin

Also offer annual flu and one of pneumococcal

31
Q

Class of drug of clopidogrel?

A

Thienopyridines.

Antagonist of P2Y12 ADP receptor, inhibiting activation of platelets.

32
Q

Coarctation of the aorta?

A

congenital narrowing of the descending aorta

33
Q

Presentation of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Radio femoral delay
Mid systolic murmur over back
Apical click from aortic valve
Notching of inferior border of ribs

34
Q

Kussmauls sign

A

Increased JVP on inspiration

35
Q

V Tach management

A

Amiodarone

Lidocaine

36
Q

What drug is avoided in VT

A

Verapamil

37
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Drop in BP on inspiration

38
Q

What drug is the commonest cause of drug-induced angiooedma?

A

ACEi

39
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Immunological reaction to recent (2-6 weeks ago) strep infection

40
Q

Features of RF

A 
Erythema marginatum
Syndenhams chorea
Polyarthritis 
Carditis and valvulitis 
Subcutaneous nodules
41
Q

Statin + clarithromycin =

A

myopathy

42
Q

What is the action of statins

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

43
Q

Broad complex tachycardia =

A

V tach

44
Q

Where are inhaled foreign objects most likely to be found?

A

Right main bronchus

45
Q

Nitrates SE

A

Hypotension
Tachycardia
Headaches
Flushing

46
Q

Warfarin + Fluconazole =

A

Monitor INR

47
Q

Pharmacological options for orthostatic hypertension?

A

Fludrocortisone and midodrine

48
Q

Sinus bradycardia management?

A

500 micrograms IV atropine

Finals (13 decks)

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