Paeds Flashcards by Maryam Iqbal

what are the contraindications of MMR vaccine in children?

not to be given to who are immunosuppressed
has had a confirmed anaphylactic reaction or specifically to neomycin or gelatin
pregnant women

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all live vaccines should minimally keep a period pf 4 weeks between administration

varicella and mmr both live vaccines can be given on the same day but mmr and yellow fever could not be given together.

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medical tx for ADHD and Autism.

1st Methyphenidate(ritalin)
2nd dexamfetamine
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor ;Atomoxetine

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modafinil(Provigil) is used in?

Narcolepsy

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Dx of ADHD is made how?

symptoms should be present for at least 6 mots before the age of 7yrs

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The most harm cancer in kids is?

ALL

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Kids with marble like swellings in armpits and neck.not painful, no hx of wt loss.
Which cancer could it be?

NHL.

HL and NHL present with same symptoms but NHL is MUCH MORE COMMON..
in the later stages it can present with B SYMPTOMS(fever,nt sweats and wt loss)

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a kid sits close to the tv, has a squint and is quite clumsy.
She also has flat light brown skin patches.
DX?

EYE+SKIN INVOLVEMENT(cafe au laities spots) IN KID=Neurofibroma(specifically optic glioma)

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life long complications of CF

INFERTILITY
DIABETES
CIRRHOSIS
NASL POLYPS

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A murmur that has been reduced after taking paracetamol and after fever going down is which murmur?

Pansystolic murmur

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TOXIC APPEARANCE

tracheal tug
intercostal recession
stridor
drooling
high temp
sats dropping
DX

Epiglottits caused by h influenze

initial tx will be to give Nebulized Adrenaline to opening the airway

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subcostal recession
snuffly
coughing
wheeze
crackles
RR 60/min
DX

Bronchiolitis caused by RSV

initial tx is supportive measures like oxygen

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drug to treat absence seizures in kids

sodium valproate

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indications of tonsillectomy

2 or more attacks of peri tonsillar abcess

5 attacks per year for 2 years or 6-7 attacks per year(recurrent acute tonsillitis)

airway obstruction/OSA

suspicion of lymphoma

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CATCH 22 OF Digorge syndrome

cardiac abnormalities
abnormal facies
thymic hypoplasia
cleft palate
hypocalcemia
22 is the chromosome having deletion

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features of turners syndrome

Larki hot hai apparantely
short stature
Wide or weblike neck.
Low-set ears.
Broad chest with widely spaced nipples.
cubitus valgus
coarctation of Aorta

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Features of Down’s synd

small ears
rounded face
flat nasal bridge
epicanthic folds(a fold of skin at the medial corners of the eye)

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Features of Klinefelter syndrome

TALL SLIM , LARKAY HOTAY HAIN LEKIN THEY HAVE HAVE FEMININE BODY HABITUS WITH GYNECOMASTIA
Gonadal tarophy at puberty
significant drop in testoserone levels

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WILLIAMS SYNDROME FEATURES

Short stature
cardiac (supravalvular aortic arch stenosis)
mild mental retardation
extra friendly
transient neonatal hypercalcemia

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things a kid can do at age 3

tell his age
make a circle

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circle
cross
square
triangle

3
4
4.5
5yrs

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can enjoy symbolic play
an interactive play

18-24 months
3 yrs

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transferring of the objects will be able to do

6 months

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midline lump visible on the protrusion of tongue

thyroglossal cyst

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inspiratory/harsh stridor barking cough resp distress hoarseness usually proceeded by fever and coryza subcostal recession

Laryngotracheobronchitis AKA Croup caused by parainfluenza virus oral Dex is effective common in 2nd yr of life

Benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood

kid has a focal type of seizures at night during sleep EEG shows central temporal spikes

Charcot marietoth disease

pes cavus sensory motor neuropathy starting from distal area like peroneal muscles(atrophy)

Poor head growth SN hearing loss intracranial calcification CP developmental delay

Congenital CMV infection

Progressive renal disease(macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria) and progressive hearing loss(SNHL) family hx of renal transplant DX?

Alport's syndrome

SN HL with hypothyroidism/goiter Dx?

Pendred syndrome

PENDRED SYNDROME IS INHERITED? Alports syndrome?

Autosommal recessive condition X linked condition

grunting noises after birth/ transient tachypnea is the result of delay in the clearance of foetal lung liquid hence resp distress synd

it is more common in babies for through c section. less common in vaginal del

triad of HSP

colicky abd pain joint pain/arthritis rash over buttocks and legs. it is more common in boys of 3-10 yrs the ig and complement complex deposition in the arterioles can cause GN causing hematuria and proteinuria mostly occurs after infections like bacterial; streptococcal viral; parvovirus B19

Difference between IgA nephropathy and(Bergers dis) and Post inf GN

Macroscopic hematuria that occurs after 1-2 days of URTI whereas, Post Inf GN occurs after the URTI has resolved so probably after weeks with frank smoky brown or microscopic hematuria.

HUS is associated with which bacteria?

E Coli and less often shigella so basically it is AKI with bloody diarrhoea

in fanconis anaemia there is a prediposition of which cancer?

AML fanconis does not include proteinuria or hematuria It is a problem with proximal renal tubule so there is an issue with absorbing glucose, amino acids,phosp,bicarb

Thin membrane disease is also called

benign familial hematuria which causes asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.

machinery murmur 5 week old baby has failure to thrive

PDA murmur

dry skin umblical hernia physiological jaundice in a baby who came from af DX?

Hypthyroidism

prolonged jaundice beginning within 18 hrs of life neg Coombs test presence of Heinz bodies dx?

G6PD

RR,HR,Dec BP and characteristic pinpoint pupils occurs because of an OD of ?

Codiene(opiod) NALAXONE IS A SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE TO OPIOD POISONING.

which is not an indication to start the antibiotics in tonsillitis

sore throat is not an indication to start abs centor criteria absence of cough tender cervical lymphadenopathy(ant)

Sorry :(

2 months (8 weeks) 6-in-1 vaccine: first dose protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Hib disease and hepatitis B Rotavirus vaccine: first dose MenB vaccine: first dose 3 months (12 weeks) 6-in-1 vaccine: second dose protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Hib disease and hepatitis B Rotavirus vaccine: second dose Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV): first dose 4 months (16 weeks) 6-in-1 vaccine: third dose protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Hib disease and hepatitis B MenB vaccine: second dose 12 to 13 months Hib/MenC vaccine boosts protection against Hib disease, and protects against type C meningococcal disease MMR vaccine: first dose protects against measles, mumps and rubella PCV booster MenB booster 2 years up to school year 6 Nasal flu vaccine (2022-23 season) an annual vaccine that protects against seasonal flu 3 years and 4 months MMR booster protects against measles, mumps and rubella Pre-school booster (4-in-1 vaccine) protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough) and polio Teenage HPV vaccine (12-13 year old boys and girls) 2 doses to protect against HPV (main cause of cervical cancer) Teenage booster protects against tetanus, diphtheria and polio MenACWY vaccine protects against four different types of meningococcal disease

large jaw, large prominent ears, enlarged testicles leaning difficulties seizures

fragile x syndrome

RIBH; Resp distress Insp stridor Barking cough Hoarseness preceded by coryza and fever

LARYGOTRACHEOBORNCHITIS aka Croup

recurrent periumblical abdominal pain in kid wakes the kid at night all exam is normal

functional abdominal syndrome

abdominal migraine in kids is associated with

episodic headaches and facial pallor

bachon mein bhi IBS ho sakta hai and it is relieved on passing stools. us sey pehlay stomach boated rehta hai

annular lesions with central clearing on the body surface presence of cats and dogs

tinea corporals

erythematous scaly patches on the extensor surfaces

psoriasis

pathological jaundice in neonates. time period?

in the first 24hrs,14 and 21 days

severe protein malnutrition leading to hypoalbuniemia edema skin rash on the scalp and extremities hypo pigmentation of the hair

kwashiorkor

no edema non painful non eryhtematous non pruritic swelling no AKI

hereditary angioedema

no generalised edema ckd happening in males

posterior ureteric valve dysfunction

generalised edema with AkI in the kids of less than 10 years of age

Minimal change dis

in a kid fever, loss of appetite drowsiness,sleepign most of the time which infection is likely

Meningitis

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kid polyuria polydipsia wt loss feeling tired all the time

DM1

a mother had a difficult delivery with pre mature rupture of membranes and the baby after being born has developed fever,proabable pneumonia(LRTI) which org is involved?

Group B Strep it can be transferred from mother to the baby during the del

Blocked nose cough fever tachypnea feeling snuffly dx;Bronchiolitis org involved?

RSV

epiglottitis org involved?

h inf

croup org?

Para Inf

the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in kids aged above 2... Pneumonia described as; cough,fever,drowsiness,intercostal recession,SOB and nasal flaring

Strep P

DKA is more common in patients with DM1 and HONK is more common in DM2

there is a delay if the kid has not started walking at 18 months of age