MCQ Bank Flashcards
uti in young female adults, common cause?
staph saprophytic
otherwise the common organisms involved in UTI’s
E Coli
proteus
klebsiella
organisms involved in uti’s when there is an abnormality in the urinary tract
pseudomonas
staph epidermis
Lithium levels to be maintained between?
0.5-1.2
if more than 1.5 it can cause acute toxicity.
protocol for checking the lithium levels?
12 hrs post dose
5 days after starting therapy or changing a dose
check levels weekly until levels have been stable for 4 weeks
and then after that every 3 months for monitoring checking
which levels should be monitored when the pt is on lithium?
TFTs
which trimester is lithium contraindicated?
lithium can cause which anomaly of heart?
1st
Ebstein’s anomaly;
a rare malformation of tricuspid valve
necrobiosis lipoidica
it is a granulomatous dis of collagen in pts with DM1
it can rarely turn into sq cell ca
Granuloma Anulare is present in which diseases?
Thyroid dis,Hyperlipidemia,Diabetes
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
It is a ch inf skin condition that occurs in areas like axilla, groin,perinium.
characteristic feature of TCA OD?
Arrythmias;Broad complex tacky
when are antibiotics indicated in subacute bacterial peritonitis
when neutrophil count in paracentesis fluid is more than 250 cells/microliter
and I/V cephalosporins are indicated;3rd generation
CEF sey jo names start hotay hain
acutely painful eye
photophobia
rudeness around the limbus
aqueous flare in the ant chamber
ant uveitis
ant uveitis is associated with which conditions?
AS
Reactive arthritis
IBD
Psoariasis
Sarcoidosis
Anorexia is associated with tachy or Brady?
BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTENTION
HYPOTHERMIA
AMENNORHEA
LANUGO HAIR
More than 60 yrs
what is the most common cause of large rectal bleeding?
Diverticular disease
whereas overall the cause will be haemorrhoids
live vaccines examples
Rota virus
MMR Vaccine
shingles
chicken pox
BCG
inacativated vaccines
Polio
Hep A
Rabies
Tobacco alcohol amblyopia
central loss of colour vision(dyschromatopisa) is a feature of tobacco alcohol amblyopia
drug of choice for schizophrenia
olanzapine and haloperidol
which are atypical anti psychotics and cause less extrapyramidal symptoms
but some times ca cause weight gain and inc incidence of DM2
and gynecomastia
which drugs should be avoided in Gilberts syndrome?
the drugs which use UDP glucoronyltransferase enzyme for metabolism
such as
Atazanavir
Statins
Irinotecan
paracetamol can be given in Gilbert syndrome
normal serum bilirubin level
3-17
bilirubin levels clinically detectable for appearance of jaundice
more than 40
sulfasalazine can cause what to sperms?
oligospermia;less sperms
which is why an alternative requires converting to mesalazine in young productive males who have IBD
onset of schizophrenia is before?
45 yrs
illness last months rather than days so the history will be long
as compared to psychosis
the history will be acute
difference between th representation between acute glaucoma and cluster headache
the tearing, severe pain behind the eye is unilateral in cluster headache whereas it is bilateral in glaucoma
lobar pneumonia with rusty coloured sputum
cause?
strep pneumonia
pseudomonas is commonly associated with
burns pt
and Cystic fibrosis
AS patients are often awakened by pain in the early morning
AS will progress to kyphosis and neck hyperectention(question mark posture)
multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm of which cells?
palsma cells
knee flexed
lateral displacement of patella
cause?
dislocation of patella
combination of skin and gi symptoms
CMPA
Bloating,flatulence,abd discomfort,loose watery stools within 1-2 hrs after ingestion and perianal itching
lactose intolerance
failure of passage of meconium
abd distention
constipation
hirschsprungs dis
CML has which cells
blast cells(blast crisis)
which antihypertensives can worsen the glycemic control?
beta blockers and thiazide diuretics
If tetracycline is used in the late pregnancy.What does it cause?
yellow brown discolouration of teeth
btw nitrofurantoin should also be avoided in the last trimester/term.
trimethoprim AND LITHIUM should be avoided in the first trimester.
features of fetal alcohol syndrome
intrauterine growth retardation
microcephaly
developmental delay
which antibiotic should be taken with precaution whilst a woman is on cocp?
rifampicin
causes of hypoglycaemia?
can be remembered by the pneumonia; EXPLAIN
Exogenous drugs; oral hypoglycemics, alcohol binge,aspirin poisoning
p pituitary insufficiency
l liver dis
a Addisons dis
I islet cell tumors(insulinomas)
n non pancreatic neoplasms
cataracts
pulmonary artery stenosis
deaf
rubella
Pellagra like dermatitis;red scaly photosensitive rash.
neurological involvement; ataxia,dysartria,tremors,spasticity
dx?
hartnup dis
tx;high protein diet
avoiding excess sun exposure
and sulphonamide drugs.
Amino acids affected include tryptophan.
Threshold to diagnose DM
48
difference between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion(glue ear)
AOM;usually in the presence of a viral response illness
bulging opacified type membrane with an attenuated light reflex
OME;this will always present without an active infection.
risk factors are bottle feeding and smoking.
on otoscope the landmarks of tymp membrane are all normal with the visualisation of fluid bubbles/air fluid levels.
tx of tenia pedis
miconazole or terbinafine cream
organism causing
hand foot mouth dis?
Scarlet fever?
Molluscum contagiosum
coksakie virus
group a beta haemolytic streptococci
pox virus
strawberry tongue with white coating
tonsils covered with white coating swell
papules on the body that blanches on pressure
headache,mylagia,fever,sorethroat in kids
scarlet fever
tx;Penicillin
colazapaine imp side effects
neutropenia
agranulocytosis
so for this reason abc should be checked 18 weeks after starting the treatment and fortnightly till next 34 weeks
elevation of the scrotum may receive pain in epididymitis(phern’s sign) but not in torsion.
bells palsy treat?
oral prednisolone 50 mg for 10 days if the patient presented within 72 hrs of symptoms appearing.
tb tx?
active tb tx without cns
with cns
ripe; 2months
ri;4 months
ripe;2months
ri for 10 months
CF
25%
AUTOSOMMAL RECESSIVE
if a patient Is more than 55 yrs old and is diabetic then being diabetic will take-over and we will decide the algorithm according to that.
so irrespective of the age if the pt is diabetic then they will be started on ace or arbs.
if a patine is alcoholic and we don’t know an die give glucose infusion in a patient twho is deficient in thiamine
what will happen
wernickes
ataxia
ophthalmoplegia
confusion
discolouration of toe nails
thickened brittle nails
dx?
tx?
Onychomycosis
oral terbinafine
criteria for dx of schizophrenia
ICD 11
INT CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE
incidental finding of raised bilirubin.
no symptoms
dx?
Gilbert’ s syndrome
Pt has mild jaundice and malaise.
no treatment is required
Contraindications of phosphodiasterase inhibitors(viagra)=sildenafil,tadalafil and vardenafil
Patients receiving nitrates, pts having hypotension,recent stroke,mi,unstable angina
overweight early teenager kid
unable to bear wt
hip pain
limp
leg length discrepancy
klien lines abnormal on XR
obligatory next rotation on hip flexion
SUFE
tx; surgical fixation
Portal Hypertension; which veins are involved?
Portal venous pressure and pressure within the IVC/hepatic vein
normal pressure is less than 5
if it occurs above 10 then it causes portal hypertension
presents with hematemesis
common cause of portal HTN in the western world is Liver cirrhosis and in Africa it is schistosomiasis
tx of portal htn?
non selective beta blockers and endoscopic vatical ligation
where as in an acute bleed;
TIPS
an autosomal recessive disorder associated with cardiomyopathy and diabetes.
unsteadiness of the gait and clumsiness
Onset before 20 yrs of age
Fredric’s ataxia
Pre labour scoring system is used for?
wether induction of labour is required or not
Pre labour scoring system can be remembered by “PEDSS”
Position of the cervix
effacement /length of cervix
dilation of cervix
softness/consistency of cervix
station of the foetus
A score of less than 5 suggests pt will need induction
more than 9 labour will commence spontaneously
low Bishops score ?
indicate that induction is unlikely to be successful
febrile seizures in kids commonly occur at what age?
6m to 5 yrs
more than 38 degree fever
anti streptolysin o titres are raised in which condition?
HSP
lichen Planus/lichenoid eruptions are associated with?
ACE inhibitors
NSAIDS
methyldopa
cholroquine
thiazide diuretics
HPV Vaccination is offered at which age?
12-13 yrs old
For DDH which investigation is required?
if less than 6 months;US
if more than 6 months; radiographs
tx of DDH
less than 6 months of age;Pavlik Harness
more than 1 yr;closed reduction
most common organism causing septic arthritis
staph aureus
difference between WPW syndrome and Lown gaining levine syndrome.
In both of them there will be shortened PR interval and widened QRS complex
but there will be no upstroke/delta wave in Levine syndrome
anti Jo 1 ab is present in?
Dermatomyositis
anti ccp ab?
Rheumatoid arthritis
ANCA
EGPA;eospinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis aka wegeners granulomatosis
GPA;Granulomatosis with polyangitis
MPA;Microscopic polyangitis
patients with MS tend to avoid what?
suanas,warm bath and other sources of heat.
Charcot’s neurologic triad
nystagmus, intentional tremor and staccato speech
it is associated with MS
congenital adrenal hyperplasia is associated with?
precocious pubertyWhen puberty begins before age 8 in girls and before age 9 in boys, it is considered precocious puberty.
delay in the development due to less growth hormone will present early than the age of 14
constitutional delay in the development is when
absence of sec sexual characteristics
delayed bone age
testosterone is given as a tx
hemochromatosis is?
accumulation of iron
triad of it is like following;
hyperglycemia
bronze tinge of skin
liver cirrhosis
hypogammaglobulinemia
blood group A
smoking
rural living
less veggies and fruits in diet
H pylori
are all risk factors of which carcinoma?
Gastric ca
anal fissure tx
initial
lidocaine ointment for 1 week before passing the stool
if it doe snot help in 1 week
then use gin ointment/diltiazem for 6-12 weeks BD
botulinum toxin injection
treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnant pt
in the first trimester PTU is referred because carbimazole causes teratogenicity in the 1st trimester after the 1st one; in the 2nd trimester carbimazole is started
treatment of acute attack of Menderes dis?
cinnarazine and prochlorperazine
for ongoing prob with Menieres dis?
betahistine
