Ethical Flashcards

1
Q

doctor is coming to the end of his rotation and has asked you to complete an online assessment of his performance. During the rotation you’ve felt that the F1 has struggled with both the organisational and knowledge aspects of his role. Despite this you like the doctor personally and he is always polite and courteous to the staff on the ward.

A

agree to sign the report honestly but offer him some one to one feedback

agree to do report based on his abilities

honest feedback,reassessment in 4 weeks time

decline feedback

agree to do report with false inf

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2
Q

urgent chest X-ray at the request of your consultant, but he has now left the hospital for a clinic elsewhere. The radiology department refuses your request but doesn’t explain why.

A

call the radiology

go to radio in person

ask a senior in ward to put the request

change abbreviations and resend the request

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3
Q

A 78-year-old man presents to surgery with a cough. He smells of urine and faeces and has an unkempt beard. He is currently living alone and has son who calls in once a month.

A

ask first how are you coping and make a referral to social services

enquire about how often does he wash and offer to speak to his son

treat the cough and do nothing else

request him to shower more

send a warning formal

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4
Q

A 34-year-old woman presents to surgery. She is 12 weeks pregnant and requests a termination of pregnancy as she says she couldn’t cope with another child. From your records she has three children aged 3, 6 and 10 years and in the past has had five previous terminations, including one at 17 weeks. In the past she has refused to use contraception due to her perceived risks of side-effects. You are troubled by the terminations she has had previously and her reluctance to use contraception.

A

refer for termination of preganancy and arrange an appt to disscuss contraception

advise to see colleague(The key to the answer is to act in a non-judgemental way )

tell her u dont have any part in it and refer to BPAService

refuse to terminate

tell her it is dangerous and she should not get it done

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5
Q

You are on a mess night out when you see a ST doctor colleague who is a friend of yours taking what you believe to be cocaine. You also work with him daily and he is held in high regard amongst other staff.

A

speak to him the next day

get advice from ur educational supervisor keeping the name anonymous

confront him immdeiately,take cocaine from him and dispose it

ignore this time and keep a close eye on his work(it will put the pts at risk)

phone the police

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6
Q

which gifts should be recorded in the register?

A

if over £100 it should be placed on a register
under a value of £50 may be accepted and do not need to be declared
but those over that amount (50 to 100)should be treated with caution and only be accepted on behalf of an organisation and not in a personal capacity.

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7
Q

if gift Is of small value like a box of chocolates.what to do

A

thank, accept,share

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8
Q

Notifiable diseases

A
Acute encephalitis
Acute infectious hepatitis
Acute meningitis
Acute poliomyelitis
Anthrax
Botulism
Brucellosis
Cholera
COVID-19
Diphtheria
Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
Food poisoning
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
Infectious bloody diarrhoea
Invasive group A streptococcal disease
Legionnaires’ disease
Leprosy
Malaria
Measles
Meningococcal septicaemia
Mumps
Plague
Rabies
Rubella
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Scarlet fever
Smallpox
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhus
Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF)
Whooping cough
Yellow fever
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9
Q

You are a GP registrar. During a busy morning clinic the receptionists phone you. They have triaged an urgent visit request for a man with metastatic prostate cancer who is in severe pain which is described as being ‘all over my body’. You are aware of the patient as he was recently discussed at the monthly palliative care meeting. You are running 20 minutes behind already and are not due to finish clinic for another two hours.

A
discuss with gp partners
go to see the pt immediately
finish surgery and go see the patient
delegate the task to the practice nurse
the the pt about relaxation techniques

being seen my the nurse is better than the relaxation techniques only

and being seen by the doctor himself is better than seen by the nurse

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10
Q

You are working in the emergency department and a female patient presents with a knife wound to her upper chest. She tells you that she got in a fight in the middle of town over some money that she owed. The man she was arguing with pulled a knife on her. This story is corroborated by the paramedics.

Fortunately, the wound is superficial, and you have no concerns about any bony injury. You are able to close it and treat her with a tetanus booster.

A

although the wound might be superficial, the GMC advises that any wound obtained in such a manner should be reported to the police.

1) It would obviously be a high priority to ensure that there are no other vulnerable adults or children at risk
2) report to the police

Although the story is one of a fight over money owed, it is important that as the patients advocate you

3)make her feels safe and give her the option to disclose if this is actually a case of domestic violence

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11
Q

You are a junior doctor working in a busy Emergency Department. The waiting times for patients can be very long, however, you are getting through your workload as quickly as possible. You are taking a 5-minute break to go to the toilet when a patient stops you, expressing his ‘annoyance’ and ‘frustration’ at having been made to wait for so long. What do you do?

A

apologise for the wait
offer to speak to him in a quiet place(This should all be done in a quiet room rather than the middle of the waiting room.)
tell him that the dept is busy and everyone has to wait for their turn(may sound patronising and is likely to aggravate the situation further.)
refuse to speak to him until he becomes calm
call security

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12
Q

You are a GP registrar on a weekend away with a close friend and his wife. Their young child has been unwell since the morning and has now become pyrexial with an evolving purpuric rash. You have a drugs bag in the back of your car.
WILL YOU GIVE BENZYLPENICILLIN OR NOT?

A

It is normally advised that doctors should not treat themselves or close family/friends. However, this question tests whether a doctor has the professional judgement to act appropriately in an emergency situation.

SO CALL 999 AND GIVE BP(EMERGENCY EXCEPTION)
CALL 999 AND CALL INDEMNITY PROVIDER
CALL 999 AND DONT GIVE BP
ASK A PASSERBY TO GIVE BP TO THE PT
REMOVE YOURSELF FROM THE SITUATION
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13
Q

You are a ST1 doctor working at the local genitourinary medicine clinic. A 16-year-old female patient is found to have Chlamydia. When she is called back in she refuses to give details of her previous or current partner.

A

EXPLORE REASONS WHY SHE DOES NOT WANT TO TELL DETAILS
TREAT HER BUT TELL HER ABOUT RISK OF INFERTILITY WITH UN TREATED PARNER
SUGGEST TO CO ME FOR CHECKUP WITHOUT BF KNOWING
REFUSE TO TREAT HER
GIVE A TABLET TO HER TO GIVE TO BF(THE LAST OPTION BECAUSE WE DONT KNOW THE MED HX OF THAT MAN,CAN ALSO CAUSE ALLERGY AND LEADT O LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY FOR HIM)

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14
Q

4 points of duty of candour

A

Tell the patient when something has gone wrong
Apologise to the patient (or carer or family member where appropriate)
Offer an appropriate resolution
Explain the potential short and long-term effects of the error

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15
Q

You are a ST1 doctor in the children’s emergency department. A 6-year-old child is brought in by his father as he fell getting out of the car. When looking at his x-ray it looks as though the child has a twisting injury, however the x-ray has not been reported as yet. There are no alarming features to the fracture itself, and it could be managed with plaster casting. Furthermore, the x-ray reveals what looks like several old healed fractures, for which there are no notes to explain.

A
discuss with the emergency consultant
take the history from the child
call social services
call police
allow the child home but wait for the formal report of x ray
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16
Q

you are working more
the other f2 is taking a lot if breaks
3 best options

A

talk to her
talk to your clinical supevisor
perform a diary card exercise to record how many breaks and how long have you been working.

17
Q

A 69-year-old man presents to surgery. He states he is unhappy that Dr Jones, one of your colleagues at the surgery, took so long diagnosing his wife with Parkinson’s disease.

A

talk to Dr Jones himself
submit a formal complaint to the surgery
involve health OMBDSMAN
reassure early diagnosis would not change the prognosis
advise him to publicise in the local paper

18
Q

MCA

A

Mental Capacity Act

The Mental Capacity Act of 2005 came into force in 2007. It applies to adults over the age of 16 and sets out who can take decisions if a patient becomes incapacitated (e.g. following a stroke). Mental capacity includes the ability to make decisions affecting daily life, healthcare and financial issues.

The Act contains 5 key principles:
A person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that he lacks capacity
A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all practicable steps to help him to do so have been taken without success
A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision merely because he makes an unwise decision
An act done, or decision made, under this Act for or on behalf of a person who lacks capacity must be done, or made, in his best interests
Before the act is done, or the decision is made, regard must be had to whether the purpose for which it is needed can be as effectively achieved in a way that is less restrictive of the person’s rights and freedom of action

Assessment of capacity

The Act sets out a clear test for assessing whether a person lacks capacity. It is a ‘decision-specific’ and ‘time-specific’ test. An adult can only be considered unable to make a particular decision if:

  1. He or she has an ‘impairment of, or disturbance in, the functioning of the mind or
    brain’ whether permanent or temporary AND
  2. He or she is unable to undertake any of the following
    a. understand the information relevant to the decision
    b. retain that information
    c. use or weigh that information as part of the process of making the decision
    d. communicate the decision made by talking, sign language or other means

No individual can be labelled ‘incapable’ simply as a result of a particular medical condition. Section 2 of the Act makes it clear that a lack of capacity cannot be assumed by a person’s age, appearance, or any condition or aspect of a person’s behaviour

Best interests

The following should be considered when assessing what is in someone’s best interests:

  1. Whether the person is likely to regain capacity and can the decision wait.
  2. How to encourage and optimise the participation of the person in the decision.
  3. The past and present wishes, feelings, beliefs, values of the person and any other relevant factors
  4. Views of other relevant people

Lasting Powers of Attorney (LPAs)

The Act allows a person to appoint an attorney to act on their behalf if they should lose capacity in the future, replacing the current Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA). In addition to property and financial affairs the Act also allows people to empower an attorney make health and welfare decisions. The attorney only has the authority to make decisions about life-sustaining treatment if the LPA specifies that. Before it can be used an LPA must be registered with the Office of the Public Guardian

Advance decisions

Advance decisions can be drawn up by anybody with capacity to specify treatments they would not want if they lost capacity. They may be made verbally unless they specify refusing life-sustaining treatment (e.g. Ventilation) in which case they need to be written, signed and witnessed to be valid. Advance decisions cannot demand treatment

19
Q

Doctors health

A

GMC guidance: doctor’s health

The General Medical Council (GMC) makes it explicitly clear that you should not rely on your own judgement of the risk posed by your health to your patients. They state that this should be done by an ‘appropriately qualified healthcare professional’. You must seek and follow their advice on any changes to your work necessary. In this case therefore, the only appropriate choice is to consult occupational health.

Risks posed to patients by your own health
‘If you know or suspect that you have a serious condition that you could pass on to patients, or if your judgement or performance could be affected by a condition or its treatment, you must consult a suitably qualified colleague.’
‘You must follow their advice about any changes to your practice they consider necessary.’
‘You must not rely on your own assessment of the risk to patients.’

20
Q

HIV news

A

It is important to note you cannot force the patient to disclose information and it is your responsibility, rather than the patient’s, to disclose the information appropriately.

Telling the patient you have a responsibility to tell the partner (B) is the next most appropriate option, as you have ‘a legal requirement to disclose information to the person at risk’ (General Medical Council).

21
Q

agar pt ko seizure aya hai usko aik dafa explain kayak hai vo par chi drive kr haha hai
ap explore karo gey reasons,phr dobara explain karo gey because maybe they forgot the advice so give them benefit of doubt.

agar 2 ya 3 times explain kar chukay ho to warning do

agar phr bhi drive kr raha ha to inform DVLA

A

If a patient has a condition or is undergoing treatment that could impair their fitness to drive, you should:
Explain this to the patient and tell them that they have a legal duty to inform the DVLA.
Tell the patient that you may be obliged to disclose relevant medical information about them, if they continue to drive when they are not fit to do so.
Make a note of any advice you have given to a patient in their medical record.
If a patient is incapable of understanding this advice, such as in cognitive impairment, you should inform the DVLA as soon as practicable.

The patient is welcome to seek a second medical opinion, and you should help facilitate this. However, you should still advise them not to drive in the meantime. If you become aware that a patient is continuing to drive when they may not be fit to do so, you should make every reasonable effort to persuade them to stop. Only then, would you consider breaching confidentiality. This is not an easy decision to make, but may be necessary for the safety of others.

22
Q

A 34-year-old man comes for advice regarding a cough. You note from your records he has recently been diagnosed with HIV following a visit to the local genito-urinary clinic. On talking to the patient you become aware that he has a pregnant wife (gestation 16 weeks) who is not aware of his HIV-positive status. Further to this he advised his wife not to have a HIV test at the booking visit as he told her she was not at risk. He states that there is no point telling her now as they are not having sex whilst she is pregnant. Despite discussing the benefits of peripartum treatment for HIV he refuses to tell his wife.

A

explain you have a duty to inform, give 24 hrs and if you are not confident that he has told her you should inform the wife

tell the pt what you are going to do and then tell the wife the same day

break confidentiality and inform his wife without telling him

keep confidentiality but ask him to come back after 1 week to re disscuss(it will put the wife at risk for 1 more week)

keep confidentiality and tell him to tell the wife after the birth of this child to get the new born checked for him

23
Q

You are a ST doctor on the respiratory ward and you have been called to see an unwell patient. When you see the patient they are saturating at 38% and you realise that their high flow oxygen tube on their mask has become detached. After reattaching the tubing the patient recovers. Later on that day their family approach you and ask you why their relative became so unwell.

A

1 ask them what they know and then explain what happened
2 tell them that tube became detached
3 refuse to discuss the situation with the family and ask the registrar to handle it
4 explain that it is most likely that the pt moved and it got detached(LIE)
5 explain that you don’t know what happened but they are recovering now(LIE)

THAT IS WHY THE 3RD OPTION IS ABOVE THE 2 LIES

24
Q

You must only end a professional relationship with a patient

A

This includes the patient being violent, threatening you or being abusive
patient having stolen from you or the premises.
patient persistently acted inconsiderately or unreasonably or if they have made a sexual advance to you.

Before you end the relationship you must warn the patient you are considering ending it and do what you can to restore the relationship. If this fails you must explore alternatives to ending it and discuss the situation with an experienced colleague or your employer.

25
Q

You should not end a relationship due to

A

a complaint
due to resource implications
IF THEY ASKED YOU ON A DATE ONLY 1 TIME

26
Q

we dont break ptient confidentialty until or unless we think that the public is in danger and then only we disclose information regarding the pt to the police

A

.

27
Q

the rule of not treating family/relatives is valid until?

A

there is no emergency.

if there is emergency and simebody is life is on line then we treat them

28
Q

if the pt does not want to be examined by you due to your gender

A

the option of examining them anyway with a chaperone will bot be valid because that leads to assault

29
Q

option where they tell you continue work despite the mentioned problem is not good because that hinders in pt safety

A

.