Paediatrics and spine

Question 1

What are the features of clubfoot?

Answer 1

CAVE:
Cavous - high arch
Aductus - toes bent towards midline
Varus
Equinus - foot points down

Question 2

Which babies are at higher risk of clubfoot?

Answer 2

Twins or large babies (due to uterine crowding)

Question 3

What is the treatment for clubfoot?

Answer 3

Casting

Question 4

What is the cause of cerebral palsy?

Answer 4

Damage to the CNS before 2 years old

Question 5

What are the features of rockerbottom feet?

Answer 5

Foor everted
Big heel
Flat feet
Valgus

Question 6

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

Answer 6

A fracture involving the growth plate

Question 7

What is the Salter-Harris classification of fractures?

Answer 7

Straight through growth plate - I
Above and into growth plate - II
Lower and into metaphysis - III
Through all layers of physis - IV
Crushing growth plate - V

Question 8

What are the features of achondroplasia?

Answer 8

Shorter peripheral limbs
Trident shaped hands
Pelvis wider than long
Hyperlordosis if spine

Question 9

What are the features of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 9

Prone to fractures
Blue sclera of eyes
Varus hip deformity
Mitral valve prolapse

Question 10

What are the features of Hurler’s syndrome (type I mucopolysaccarides)?

Answer 10

Lower IQ
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Cloudy cornea
Dermatan/heparan sulphate on urinary chemistry test

Question 11

What are the features of Hunter’s syndrome (type II mucopolysaccaridoses)?

Answer 11

Lower IQ
X-linked inheritance
Clear cornea
Dermatan/heparan sulphate on urinary chemistry test