Fractures Flashcards
What are the risk factors for a hip fracture?
Old age
Osteoporosis
Smoking
Malnutrition
Excess alcohol
Neurological impairment
Impaired vision
Low BMI
What is the treatment for a displaced, intracapsular fracture in a high function patient?
Total hip replacement
What is the treatment for an undisplaced, intracapsular fracture in a high function patient?
Compression hip screw
What is the treatment for an intracapsular hip fracture in a low function patient?
Hemi-arthroplasty
What is the treatment for an intertrochanteric extracapsular hip fracture?
Dynamic hip screw
What is the treatment for a subtrochanteric extracapsular hip fracture?
IM (intramedullary) nail
What are the clinical features of compartment syndrome?
Disproportionate pain
Pain on passive stretch of muscles involved
4 Ps:
- Pain
- Paraesthesia
- Pallor
- Pulselessness (a late sign)
What is the treatment of compartment syndrome?
Compartment fasciotomy
How are ankle fractures classified?
Weber classification:
- Weber A, B, C
- Increasing instability
- A = distal to syndesmosis
- B = in line with syndesmosis
- C = proximal to syndesmosis
What are the types of tibial shaft fractures and how are they sustained?
Spiral - torsion
Comminuted - bending
Oblique - compression
Transverse - Tension
What is the classification for tibial plateau fractures?
Schatzker classification - I-VI
What is a Thomas’ splint used for?
Femoral shaft fractures
What is the classification of pelvic fractures?
Young-Burgess
What is the common cause of distal radius fractures?
FOOSH
What is the most common injury from falling onto an elbow?
Olecranon fracture
