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MSK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the spine?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

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2
Q

How many vertebra in each spinal region?

A

C - 7
T - 12
L - 5
S - 1 (5 fused)
C - 1 (4 fused)

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3
Q

What is the key feature of a cervical vertebra?

A

Foramina transversaria

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4
Q

What is the key feature of a thoracic vertebra?

A

Costal facets

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5
Q

Which vertebra has an odontoid process?

A

C2 (axis)

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6
Q

Which vertebra is the vertebra prominens?

A

C7

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7
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
Laticcimus dorsi
Muscles of the pectoral girdle

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8
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

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9
Q

What is the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Elbow flexion (biceps brachii) and supination

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10
Q

What is the sensory region of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral part of forearm

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11
Q

When is the musculocutaneous nerve usually injured?

A

As part of a brachial plexus injury (rarely injured in isolation)

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12
Q

What is the axillary nerve root?

A

C5, C6

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13
Q

What is the motor function of the axillary nerve?

A

Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle)

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14
Q

What is the sensory region on the axillary nerve?

A

Inferior region of deltoid muscle/regimental badge area

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15
Q

When is the axillary nerve usually injured?

A

Neck of humerus fracture
Humeral dislocation

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16
Q

What is the radial nerve root?

A

C5-C8

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17
Q

What is the motor function of the radial nerve?

A

Extension of forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb

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18
Q

What is the sensory region of the radial nerve?

A

Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals

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19
Q

When is the radial nerve usually injured?

A

Humeral shaft fracture

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20
Q

What is the result of a radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop

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21
Q

What is the root of the median nerve?

A

C6, C8, T1

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22
Q

What is the motor function of the median nerve?

A

LOAF muscles
Pronation of forearm
Wrist flexion

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23
Q

What are the LOAF muscles?

A

Lateral lumricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor pollis brevis

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24
Q

What is the sensory region of the median nerve?

A

Palmar aspect of lateral 3 1/2 fingers

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25
Q

What is the result of an injury to the median nerve at the wrist?

A

Paralysis of the thenar muscles and opponens pollicis
Carpal tunnel syndrome

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26
Q

What is the result of injury to the median nerve at the elbow?

A

Loss of pronation of the forearm and weak wrist flexion

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27
Q

What is the root of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

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28
Q

What is the motor function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF
Wrist flexion

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29
Q

What is the sensory region of the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial 1 1/2 fingers

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30
Q

How is the ulnar nerve usually injured?

A

Medial epicondyle fracture

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31
Q

What is the result of an injury to the ulnar nerve?

A

Claw hand
Hyperextended wrist

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32
Q

What is the root of the long thoracic nerve?

A

C5-C7

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33
Q

What is the motor function of the long thoracic nerve?

A

Serratus anterior

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34
Q

How is the long thoracic nerve usually injured?

A

Blow to the ribs in a sport injury
Masectomy

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35
Q

What is the result of an injured long thoracic nerve?

A

Winged scapula

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36
Q

What is the motor function of the femoral nerve?

A

Knee extension
Thigh flexion

37
Q

What is the sensory region of the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior and medial aspect of thigh and lower leg

38
Q

How is the femoral nerve usually injured?

A

Hip/pelvic fracture
Stab/gunshot wounds

39
Q

What is the motor function of the obturator nerve

A

Thigh adduction

40
Q

What is the sensory region of the obturator nerve?

A

Medial thigh

41
Q

How is the obturator nerve usually injured?

A

Anterior hip dislocation

42
Q

What is the sensory function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Lateral and posterior surfaces of the thigh

43
Q

How is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh usually injured?

A

Compression near ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

44
Q

What is the result of injury to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Meralgia paraesthesia
Pain, tingling and numbness in lateral and posterior aspects of thigh

45
Q

What is the motor function of the tibial nerve?

A

Foot plantarflexion and inversion

46
Q

What is the sensory region of the tibial nerve?

A

Sole of foot

47
Q

What is the motor function of the common peroneal nerve?

A

Footdorsiflexion and eversion
Extensor hallucis longus

48
Q

What is the sensory region of the common peroneal nerve?

A

Dorsum of the foot and the lower lateral part of the leg

49
Q

What is the result of injury to the common peroneal nerve?

A

Foot drop

50
Q

How is the common peroneal nerve typically injured?

A

At the neck of the fibula
Because of a tightly applied lower limb plaster cast

51
Q

What is the motor function of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Hip abduction

52
Q

How is the superior gluteal nerve usually injured?

A

Misplaced IM injection
Hip surgery
Pelvic fracture
Posterior hip dislocation

53
Q

What is the result of a superior gluteal nerve injury?

A

Positive Trendelenburg sign

54
Q

What is the motor function of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Hip extension and lateral roatation

55
Q

How is the inferior gluteal nerve usually injured?

A

In association with sciatic nerve injury

56
Q

What is the result of injury to the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Difficulty rising from the seated position
Can’t jump
Can’t climb stairs

57
Q

Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the shoulder?

A

Anterior part of deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps
Coracobrachialis

58
Q

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the shoulder?

A

Posterior deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

59
Q

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Coracobrachialis

60
Q

Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?

A

Mid deltoid
Supraspinatus

61
Q

Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder?

A

Subscapularis
Anterior deltoid
teres major
Latissimus dorsi

62
Q

Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

Posterior deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

63
Q

What are the muscles in the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Sunscapularis
(SItS)

64
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

65
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Piriformis
Gemelli
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris

66
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
Sartotius

67
Q

Which muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

68
Q

Which muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Pectineus

69
Q

Which muscles are in the posterior superficial compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

70
Q

Which muscles are in the psterior deep compartment of the leg?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

71
Q

Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

72
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

73
Q

Which muscles connect the scapula to the trunk?

A

Pectoralis minor
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

74
Q

Which muscles connct the humerus to the trunk?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major

75
Q

Which muscles are the deep extensors of the forearm?

A

Supinator
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

76
Q

Which muscles are the superficial extensors of the forearm?

A

Anconeus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi

77
Q

Which muscles are the deep flexors of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

78
Q

Which muscles are the superficial flexors of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus

79
Q

Which muscles are the flexors of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes

80
Q

Which muscles are the extensors of the neck?

A

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Semispinalis capitis

81
Q

Which nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sciatic
Superior and inferior gluteal
Pudendal
Posterior femoral cutaneous
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Nerve to obturator internus

82
Q

Which blood vessels pass through the sciatic foramen?

A

Superior gluteal artery and vein
Inferior gluteal artery and vein
Internal pudendal artery and vein

83
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

84
Q

What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?

A

Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum tendon
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon

85
Q

Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the DIPs?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

86
Q

Which muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus

87
Q

What is the result of damage to the obturator nerve?

A

Impaired hip abduction

88
Q

What do the medial thigh muscles do?

A

Knee flexion
Thigh extension at the hip

MSK (10 decks)

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