Paediatrics

Question 1

Cerebral palsy symptoms

Answer 1

Not always noticeable when the baby is born, usually 2-3 years after
Delays reaching milestones
Too stiff or too floppy
Jerky or clumsy movements
Random uncontrolled movements
Swallowing difficulties, speaking problems, vision problems

Question 2

What is cerebral palsy

Answer 2

Name of a group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and co-ordination
Caused by a problem in the brain which develops before, during or soon after birth

Question 3

Causes of cerebral palsy

Answer 3

Bleeding in the brain
Infection caught by the mother during pregnancy 
Asphyxiation during birth 
Meningitis 
A serious head injury

Question 4

Types of cerebral palsy

Answer 4

Spastic- muscles are stiff and tight
Diskinetic- muscles switch between stiffness and floppiness
Ataxic- balance and coordination problems
Mixed- more than one type of cerebral palsy

Question 5

What is hemiplegia

Answer 5

One side of the body is affected

Question 6

What is diplegia

Answer 6

2 limbs are affected

Question 7

What is monoplegia

Answer 7

One limb is affected

Question 8

What is quadriplegia

Answer 8

Where all 4 limbs are affected and usually the whole body

Question 9

What is ASD

Answer 9

Autism spectrum disorder which affects social interaction, communication, interests and behaviour

Question 10

What are the symptoms of ASD?

Answer 10

Don’t babble in infancy
Difficultly with eye contact, facial expressions, body language and gestures
Find it hard understanding others emotions
Repeat words or phrases
Like to stick to the same routine lack of awareness or interest in other children
Persistent toe waking for longer than 3 months

Question 11

What is ADHD?

Answer 11

Attention deficit disorder
Hyperactive and impulsive behaviours 
Difficulty focusing their attention on a single task or sitting for long periods of time
Easily distracted 
Interrupting people while they talk

Question 12

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 12

Group of diseases causing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
Mutations interfere with production of protein to form muscles

Question 13

Symptoms of muscular dystrophy

Answer 13

Progressive muscle weakness

Question 14

Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms

Answer 14

More common in boys
Frequent falls
Difficulty rising from lying or sitting
Waddling gait pattern
Walking on toes
Large calf muscles
Pain and stiffness 
Learning disabilities 
Delayed growth 
Trouble running and jumping

Question 15

Becker muscular dystrophy

Answer 15

Similar symptoms to duchenne although milder and progress slower
Symptoms begin in the teens- mid 20s

Question 16

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

Answer 16

Inability to relax muscles following contractions

Long, thin faces, drooping eyelids and swanlike necks

Question 17

Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy

Answer 17

Muscle weakness begins in the face, hip and shoulders
Shoulders may stick out like wings
Onset: childhood, teenagers or 50

Question 18

Limb- girdle muscular dystrophy

Answer 18

Hip and shoulders affected first
Difficulty lifting front part of their foot so trip a lot
Childhood or teenagers

Question 19

Complications of muscular weakness

Answer 19

Difficulty walking
Trouble using arms 
Breathing problems
Shortened tendons or muscles causing contractures
Scoliosis 
Swallowing problems
Heart problems