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NUR5925 > PAEDIATRICS > Flashcards

PAEDIATRICS Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss the importance of family centered care and the needs of the family / carer / significant others when caring for children including communication and age appropriate distraction strategies

A

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2
Q

Discuss the differences that exist between adults and children and how this impacts their assessment and management

A

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3
Q

Identify the developmental milestones and growth patterns in the paediatric patient from birth through to adolescence

A

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4
Q

Discuss the special considerations of a neonate assessment

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5
Q

Discuss the special considerations of a neonate development (circulation/integumentary/respiratory tree)

A

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6
Q

Discuss the special considerations of a neonate thermoregulation

A
  • less insulation
  • Increased BSA ratio
  • Inability to shiver
  • Greater evaporative heat loss
  • Less ability to vasoconstrict or dilate
  • Less control of their thermoregulation
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7
Q

Discuss the special considerations of a neonate jaundice

A

Can be caused by:
 Physiologic
 Breast milk
 Secondary to sepsis

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8
Q

Demonstrate a systematic approach to the clinical assessment of a paediatric patient including the recognition of the deteriorating child

A

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9
Q

Outline the formulas used to estimate weight in an emergency

A

1-5: 2xage + 8

6-12: 3xage +7

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10
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of congenital heart defects in paeds

A

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11
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of congenital heart defects in paeds

A

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12
Q

Discuss the management of congenital heart defects in paeds

A

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13
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of acute rheumatic heart fever in paeds

A

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14
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of acute rheumatic heart fever in paeds

A

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15
Q

Discuss the management of acute rheumatic heart fever in paeds

A

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16
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of supraventricular tachycardia in paeds

A

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17
Q

Discuss theclinical manifestations of supraventricular tachycardia in paeds

A

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18
Q

Discuss the management of supraventricular tachycardia in paeds

A

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19
Q

Identify the indications of a seriously ill child

A

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20
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma

A 
Asthma is a reversible diffuse lower airway obstruction which causes a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by:
- bronchial smooth muscle spasm
- excessive mucous
production/mucous plugging
- airway inflammation and oedema
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21
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of bronchitis

A

An acute inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory
tract resulting in:
- Increased mucous production
- Obstruction of the bronchioles
- Small airway narrowing due to oedema
- This leads to gas trapping, inadequate oxygenation and
V/Q mismatch

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22
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of croup

A

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23
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of pertussis

A

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24
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of epiglottitis

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25
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of a fever

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26
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of gastroenteritis

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27
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures

A

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28
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of meningitis

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29
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of asthma

A

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30
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of bronchitis

A

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31
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of croup

A

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32
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of pertussis

A

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33
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis

A

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34
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of a fever

A

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35
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of gastroenteritis

A

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36
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of seizures

A

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37
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of meningitis

A

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38
Q

Discuss the management of Asthma

A

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39
Q

Discuss the management of bronchiolitis

A

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40
Q

Discuss the management of croup

A

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41
Q

Discuss the management of pertussis

A

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42
Q

Discuss the management of epiglottitis

A

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43
Q

Discuss the management of a fever

A

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44
Q

Discuss the management of gasteroenteritis

A

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45
Q

Discuss the management of seizures

A

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46
Q

Discuss the management of meningitis

A

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47
Q

Calculate the volume of fluid for paediatric fluid resuscitation

A

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48
Q

Calculate the volume of fluid for paediatric maintenance IV therapy

A

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49
Q

Calculate the volume of fluid in paediatric deficit fluid replacement in dehydration

A

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50
Q

Identify some of the “red flags” that may indicate developmental delay in a 3 year old

A

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51
Q

Discuss the clinical manifestations of dehydration

A

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52
Q

Emily is a 3 month old baby who present to ED with a 2/7 Hx of coryzal symptoms, lethargy, decreased feeds and urine output. On examination, Emily has an increased work of breathing with a respiratory rate of 68, moderate sternal retraction and rib recession. She has widespread wheeze on auscultation with scattered crepes. The diagnosis of bronchiolitis has been made. Emily’s mother asks you the following questions regarding her diagnosis:
- How is bronchiolitis different to asthma?

  • Why did the GP commence Emily on Salbutamol but it didn’t seem to make any difference. In fact, she seemed to get worse on day 2?
  • Is bronchiolitis contagious?
  • How long will she be unwell for?
  • Why have the Doctors asked me not to feed my baby?
  • What is high flow therapy?
A
  • Asthma is a chronic illness that causes inflammation an constriction causing the bronchioles to narrow, bronchiolitis can be chronic but is often a short term condition caused by an underlying infection, resulting in a large amount of mucous production causing a narrowing of the bronchioles
  • Salbutalmol is a beta ahgonist that acts on the smooth muscle to dilate the bronchioles. Salbutamol is unlikely to help in children with bronchiolitis under the age of 8 years old as their smooth muscle receptors are not fully developed. in addition, Salbutamol can cause ‘salbutamol toxicity’ which can result in tachycardia, tachypnoea and restlessness and aggitation making symptoms and condition worsen
  • Usually lasts around 3-10 day but can vary depending on viral infection
  • bronchiolitis is a complication of an infection. Bronchiolitis itself is not contagious but the infectoin that has caused it can be. This could lead to bronchiolitis in other children if they catch the infection
  • Babies can be reluctant to feed when they are sick and when they are breathing so fast. But it is still important that they get the nutrients from feeding. To make sure that they get the right amount of nutrients, we use a tube to feed into their stomach
  • humidified air delivered to the patient via nasal cannulae, making it easier for the child to breath without working hard and also in clearing secretions
53
Q

ntony is a 1 year old child who is brought into the ED by his parents. He has had vomiting and diarrhoea for 3 days. He is not tolerating diet or fluids. He is lethargic, pale, tachycardic with a heart rate of 180, has dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes and a sluggish central CRT. Based on these clinical signs and symptoms, what would you predict Antony’s level of dehydration is? Calculate Antony’s weight and fluid rehydration for the next 24hrs. What would be Antony’s maintenance fluid rate/hr once his dehydration deficit has been replaced?

A 
- Severe dehydration >/=7%
Very delayed CRT > 3 secs, mottled skin
Other signs of shock (tachycardia, irritable or reduced conscious level, hypotension)
Deep, acidotic breathing
Decreased tissue turgor
  • 1 year old x2 = 1 + 8 = 9 kg
  • 4mls/kg for the first 10kg
    +2mls/kg for every kg between 10kg and 20kg
    +1ml/kg for every kg >20kg
  • 4x9 = 36 mls/hr

NUR5925 (27 decks)

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