Paediatrics Flashcards
Pathogen causing epiglotitis?
H. flu type B
HIB vaccine is protective
What is the medical name for cradle cap?
Seborrhoeic dermatits
If a baby become jaundice from breast milk what should you do?
Encourage breast milk feeding - benefits outweigh negitive of this benign jaundice
What syndrome do these findings suggest?
Female, short stature, ptosis, left heart defect (coarctation)
Turner’s syndome
XO karyotype (1 X chrmsm)
What would widened, frayed, cupped metaphyses and osteopenia suggest on an XRay?
Rickets
Prophylactic treatment of migraine?
Pizotifen
How do you calculate to maintainance fluid requirement?
20kg: 1500 + 20 ml/kg/24hr
How do you calculate the deficit fluid requirement?
% dehydrated x weight x 10
Mild dehydration = 10%
In an emergency, what is the bolus fluid amount given (ie if pt is in shock)?
20ml/kg STAT
Can children under 16 opt to refuse treatment?
Although children Gillick competent can consent to treatment, they cannot refuse it.
Decision to opt out rests with person with parental responsibility.
When does heart failure present in children?
4-6 weeks - when pulmonary vasular resistance falls
Symptoms of HF in children?
SOB, worse on feeding, sweating, increase RR & HR, hepatomegally
Which populations is rickets most common in?
African-carribeans and south asians
Young child presents with trauma, what cannot be overlooked?
Non accidental injury - imperitive to consider age and developement. Is the alleged injury even possible?
Hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, oedema. What syndrome is this?
Nephrotic, commonly occuring post-infection
Which congenital heart defects are systolic?
AS, PS, VSD, ASD
Continuous murmur, what is this usually?
PDA
What defects does a normal pulse rule out?
AS and coarctation
Should you stop immunisaitons if the patient has a mild infection?
No
When treating DKA, what might need to be added to the fluids?
Potassium needs to be added to maintenance fluid to prevent hypokalaemia
Laxative is prescribed, how long should it be taken for?
6 months
Bed wetting, what is the condition called and how is it treated?
Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis
Eneuresis alarm and star chart
Desmopressin in short term for trips, ect.
How common are innocent heart murmurs?
60% of newborns have them
What condition is described?
Flitting polyarthritis, erythema marginatum and sore throat
Rheumatic fever
What is the commonest cause of acute abdo in children >5yrs?
Appendicitis
