Paediatrics Flashcards
High fever lasting more than 5 days, red palms with desquamation and strawberry tongue with conjunctival infection
Kawasaki disease
At what age can a child sit
6 months (rounded back)
At what age can a child run
16 months - 2 years
At what age can a child ride a tricycle with pedals
3 years
4 causes of snoring in children
Hypertrophic nasal turbinates
Tonsillitis
Obesity
Downs syndrome
What does VSD increase the risk of?
Endocarditis
Obese boy with groin/thigh/knee pain
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
4-8 year old boy with a painless limp, irritable hip and reduced range of motion with no trauma
Xray, epiphyseal sclerosis, a widened joint space and flat femoral head
Perthes disease
Joint pain after a recent viral infection with no abnormal radiological findings
Transient synovitis
rest and alangesia
What is the newborn screening test and if it is abnormal, what test is next?
Otoacoustic emission test
THEN
Auditory brainstem response test
Sore throat, fever, headache, bright red tongue (furred) , coarse red rash (sandpaper) that spares the face
Scarlet Fever
How long must a child with scarlet fever remain off school
Until 24hrs after the first dose of antibiotics
First line investigation for intussusception
Ultrasound
Child presenting in GP with pain in the legs at night with no obvious cause
Growing pains
Target sign on ultrasound
Intussusception
Management of intussusception
Pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopic guidance
Presentation and management of necrotising enterocolitis
Premature baby with abdo distention, free fluid, small bowel dilation and septic signs
Laparotomy
Most common childhood leukaemia
ALL
Presentation of ITP
Purpuric rash
Presentation of ALL
Anaemia, neutropaenia, thrombocytopenia
What cardiac condition is turners syndrome associated with
Coarctation of the aorta
Features of turners syndrome at birth
Widely spaced nipples, webbed neck, peripheral lympoedema (swollen hands and feet)
Achondroplasia inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Investigation for slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Hip xray
Painful limp for 8 weeks
Perthes disease
MRI if X-Ray normal
Child with tonsillitis symptoms but stridor and sitting forward
Epiglottitis, do NOT examine
When should you refer a
- unilateral undescended testis
- bilateral undescended testes
- unilateral at 3 months
- bilateral in 24 hours
Ejection systolic murmur
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot (associated with ‘tet’ spells)
Aortic valve stenosis (radiates to carotids)
Pansystolic murmur
VSD
Mid systolic crescendo-decresendo murmur
ASD
Cpntinuous crescendo-decrescendo machinery murmur with a collapsing pulse
PDA
Ejection systolic murmur below clavicle
Coarctation of the aorta
Salmon pink rash with joint pain
Stills Disease (juvenille idiopathic arthritis)
Paediatric BLS
5 initial breaths
15:2
Short stature, widely spaced nipples and primary amenorrhoea
TURNERS
When should you call an ambulance during a seizure
If the seizure persists more than 5 minutes
Treatment of scarlet fever
10 days oral Pen V
Treatment of scarlet fever
10 days oral Pen V
First line laxative for constipation in childhood
Osmotic
4 risk factors for DDH
Female
Breech
High birth weight
Oligohydramnios
First step in newborn resus
DRY the baby
Then 5 breaths
Causative organism for croup
parainfluenza virus
First line management of eczema
Topical emollients
How long should a child with whooping cough be kept off school
2 days after commencing antibiotics (or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics)
How long should a child with roseola be kept off school
No exclusion
How long should a child with D+V be kept off school
48 hours
Medication given in transposition of the greater arteries
Prostaglandin to maintain the PDA
Posterior displacement of the tongue and a cleft palate with no family history
Pierre-Robin Syndrome
Place prone due to upper airway obstruction
4 features of tetralogy of fallot
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
VSD
right ventricular hypertrophy
Prevention of neonatal distress syndrome
Dexamethasone to mother
Treatment of bronchilolitis
Supportive management only
Most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in neonates
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Investigation of choice for reflex nephropathy
Micturating cystography
First line treatment for threadworm (and sx)
Mebendazole single dose for full family
Itchy bottom
Topical treatment of oral thrush
Nystatin
What is the mode of inheritance for prader willi
Imprinting
What genetic condition are rocker bottom feel found in
Edwards (trisomy 18)
When does a child start to smile
6 weeks
Immediate complication of measles
Pneumonia
Later complication of meales
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (5-10 years later)
2 complications following a mumps infection
Pancreatitis and infertility
7 features of an atypical UTI
Seriously ill Poor urine flow Abdominal or bladder mass Raised creatinine Septicaemia Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48 hours Infection with non-E. coli organisms.
Most common reversible cause of cardiac arrest in children
Hypoxia (repsiratory)
Child below the 0.4th centile
Refer to paeds outpatients for review
Corrected age of a premature baby
The age minus the number of weeks they were born early from 40 weeks
treatment of croup
Single dose oral dexamethasone
Emergency: High flow oxygen and adrenaline
Appropriate places to check for a pulse in paediatric BLS
Brachial and femoral
Dietary advice for ADHD
Eat a normal balanced diet unless links have been found between behaviour and certain foods
Vaccinations in pregnant women
Pertussis and influenza
Murmur described as a ‘continuous blowing noise’ heard below both clavicles in a child
Venous hum (innocent)
Murmur described as a low-pitched sound heard at the lower left sternal edge
Stills murmur (innocent)
Difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele
Gastroschisis associated with socioeconomic deprivation and presents with a defect left to the umbilicus
Omphalocele refers to a defect in the umbilicus itself
What investigation would you do in kawasakis to screen for potential complications
Echo
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in neonates
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
delayed reabsorption of fluid in the lungs
What is hypospadias and how is it managed
Ventral urethral meatus and hooded prepuce
Surgery at 12 months
Heart defect in turners
Bicuspid aortic valve
Management of UTI in a child
3 day cause of ABx as per local policy
Features and management of biliary atresia
first few weeks of life with jaundice, appetite and growth disturbance
surgery
Features of CMV infection in neonate
Neonatal jaundice, fever, microcephaly, sensioneural deafness, blueberry muffin skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly
Hypothyroidism in neonates
Jaundice, poor feeding, constipation, hypothermia, rise in unconjugated bilirubin
Components of the APGAR score
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease