Orthopaedics Flashcards
First line analgesia for lower back pain
ORAL NSAIDS
What medication will worsen compartment syndrome?
Anticoagulation
When is an ankle xray needed?
Pain in malleolar zone +
- bony tenderness at lateral/medial malleolar zone
- inability to walk 4 steps after injury and in ED
Assessing patients fracture risk
FRAX tool
Presentation of trochanteric bursitis
Isolated lateral hip/thigh pain with tenderness over the greater trochanter
Short Hx of pain with radiological signs affecting second metatarsal
Stress fracture
Carpal tunnel action potentials
Prolongation in sensory and motor axons
Pain over radial styloid on forced abduction/flexion of the thumb
Tenosynovitis
4-8 y/o boy
weeks Hx of hip/groin pain
xray widening of right hip joint space with flattening of femoral head
Perthes
4 year old with limp and pain which gets better during the day
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Cubital tunnel syndrome
compression of ulnar nerve
+ve tinnels
Intracapsular NOF fracture in active and mobile woman
Internal fixation
Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop with no specific reflex lost
L5 radiculopathy
Salter Harris:
Through the metaphysis and epiphysis
4
Poor prognosis
Risk factor for adhesive capsulitis
T2DM
Common cause of knee pain in runners
Iliotibial band syndrome
Injury with ‘pop’ and locking of the knee
Meniscal tear
Overweight adolescent boy with knee/hip problems
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
What diagnosis increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome
Rheumatoid Arthritis
How to assess for achilles tendon rupture?
Simmonds triad
- palpate tendon
- angle of declination at rest
- calf squeeze test
Management of grade 1-2 acromioclavicular joint injury
Conservative: rest and sling
Bone remodelling on xray with swollen red warm join in pt with T2DM
Charcot joint
Fever + Back pain worse on hip extension
Iliopsoas abscess
Impaired external rotation
Adhesive capsulitis
management for subluxation of the radial head
Passive supination of the elbow joint whilst flexed to 90 degrees
Spinal stenosis
Presents with claudication
Pain improves when sitting forward
McMurray Test
Meniscal tear
External rotation and abduction of the upper limb
Bulge under the clavicle
Axillary nerve loss
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Achilles Tendon rupture
- test and diagnosis
Thompson test (calf squeeze) Ultrasound first line
Knee pain after exercise, locking and clunking
Osteochondritis dissecans
Pain localised over tibia
Stress fracture - x ray
Heel pain
- diagnosis and management
Plantar fasciitis
Rest, stretching and weight loss
Open fracture initial management
Immediate wound debridement and application of external fixation
Delay surgery until soft tissues have recovered
Leriche syndrome
- claudication of the buttocks and thighs
- Atrophy of leg muscles
- Impotence (paralysis of L1 nerve)
Pudendal nerve damage
Paraesthesia in pelvic area
Increased sensitivity to pain
Feeling of a golf ball in perineum
Young adult, FOOSH, tenderness over radial head, pain on lateral elbow with pronation and supination
Fracture of the radial head
FOOSH with rotational force, bruising over lower forearm, displaced fracture of radius and disrupted joint
Galeazzi fracture
Investigation in child with unexplained bone pain
xray in 48 hours
What movements are impaired in adhesive capsulitis?
External rotation
IV drug users with infective endocarditis can present with discitis
What organism causes osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus