Orthopaedics Flashcards
1
Q
First line analgesia for lower back pain
A
ORAL NSAIDS
2
Q
What medication will worsen compartment syndrome?
A
Anticoagulation
3
Q
When is an ankle xray needed?
A
Pain in malleolar zone +
- bony tenderness at lateral/medial malleolar zone
- inability to walk 4 steps after injury and in ED
4
Q
Assessing patients fracture risk
A
FRAX tool
5
Q
Presentation of trochanteric bursitis
A
Isolated lateral hip/thigh pain with tenderness over the greater trochanter
6
Q
Short Hx of pain with radiological signs affecting second metatarsal
A
Stress fracture
7
Q
Carpal tunnel action potentials
A
Prolongation in sensory and motor axons
8
Q
Pain over radial styloid on forced abduction/flexion of the thumb
A
Tenosynovitis
9
Q
4-8 y/o boy
weeks Hx of hip/groin pain
xray widening of right hip joint space with flattening of femoral head
A
Perthes
10
Q
4 year old with limp and pain which gets better during the day
A
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
11
Q
Cubital tunnel syndrome
A
compression of ulnar nerve
+ve tinnels
12
Q
Intracapsular NOF fracture in active and mobile woman
A
Internal fixation
13
Q
Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop with no specific reflex lost
A
L5 radiculopathy
14
Q
Salter Harris:
Through the metaphysis and epiphysis
A
4
Poor prognosis
15
Q
Risk factor for adhesive capsulitis
A
T2DM
16
Q
Common cause of knee pain in runners
A
Iliotibial band syndrome
17
Q
Injury with ‘pop’ and locking of the knee
A
Meniscal tear
18
Q
Overweight adolescent boy with knee/hip problems
A
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
19
Q
What diagnosis increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome
A
Rheumatoid Arthritis
20
Q
How to assess for achilles tendon rupture?
A
Simmonds triad
- palpate tendon
- angle of declination at rest
- calf squeeze test
21
Q
Management of grade 1-2 acromioclavicular joint injury
A
Conservative: rest and sling
22
Q
Bone remodelling on xray with swollen red warm join in pt with T2DM
A
Charcot joint
23
Q
Fever + Back pain worse on hip extension
A
Iliopsoas abscess
24
Q
Impaired external rotation
A
Adhesive capsulitis
25
management for subluxation of the radial head
Passive supination of the elbow joint whilst flexed to 90 degrees
26
Spinal stenosis
Presents with claudication
| Pain improves when sitting forward
27
McMurray Test
Meniscal tear
28
External rotation and abduction of the upper limb
Bulge under the clavicle
Axillary nerve loss
Anterior shoulder dislocation
29
Achilles Tendon rupture
| - test and diagnosis
```
Thompson test (calf squeeze)
Ultrasound first line
```
30
Knee pain after exercise, locking and clunking
Osteochondritis dissecans
31
Pain localised over tibia
Stress fracture - x ray
32
Heel pain
| - diagnosis and management
Plantar fasciitis
| Rest, stretching and weight loss
33
Open fracture initial management
Immediate wound debridement and application of external fixation
Delay surgery until soft tissues have recovered
34
Leriche syndrome
1. claudication of the buttocks and thighs
2. Atrophy of leg muscles
3. Impotence (paralysis of L1 nerve)
35
Pudendal nerve damage
Paraesthesia in pelvic area
Increased sensitivity to pain
Feeling of a golf ball in perineum
36
Young adult, FOOSH, tenderness over radial head, pain on lateral elbow with pronation and supination
Fracture of the radial head
37
FOOSH with rotational force, bruising over lower forearm, displaced fracture of radius and disrupted joint
Galeazzi fracture
38
Investigation in child with unexplained bone pain
xray in 48 hours
39
What movements are impaired in adhesive capsulitis?
External rotation
40
IV drug users with infective endocarditis can present with discitis
41
What organism causes osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus
42
What structure is divided in surgical management of carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
43
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Arm is abducted and externally rotated
Humeral head in a subcoracoid position in AP view
95%
44
Position of a posterior hip dislocation
Shortened and internally rotated
45
Position of a NOF fracture
Shortened and externally rotated
46
Where is the cubital tunnel?
Elbow
47
What does a Monteggia fracture involve?
Dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture
48
Diagnose meniscal tears
MRI
49
How long after hip replacement is weight bearing?
Immediately post op
50
Anterolateral leg sensation
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
51
Management of scaphoid fracture in emergency department
In the emergency department, suspected scaphoid fractures should be managed with immobilisation using a Futuro splint or standard below-elbow backslab before specialist review
52
Scaphoid fracture management
Internal fixation if displaced
| Conservative management if no xray abnormality
53
Where is the anatomical snuffbox
Between the extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons
54
Management for intertrochanteric (extracapsular) proximal femoral fracture
Dynamic hip screw
55
Trochanteric pain syndrome
Trochanteric bursitis
56
Avascular necrosis on xray
Crescent sign
57
Biggest risk factor for avascular necrosis
Chemotherapy
58
Fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement and no articular involvement
Colle's
59
Hill Sachs Lesion
Glenohumeral dislocation
60
Shoulder pain to 90 degrees abduction
Supraspinatus tear
61
Diabetic with reduced sensation in feet and temperature and investigation
Osteomyelitis
| MRI
62
Sepsis with changing lower lib neurology
Epidural abscess
63
Sensory loss of posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot, weakness in plantar flexion of foot, reduced ankle reflex, positive sciatic nerve stretch test
Nerve root
S1
64
Hit to knee, swollen, with no fractures
Dislocated patella
65
15 year old gradual onset knee pain worse with activity, tenderness over tibial tuberosity
Osgood Schlatter
66
Mortons neuroma
Sharp pain and numbness in foot
| Ultrasound
67
Clubfoot management
Manipulation and progressive casting soon after birth
68
Triceps tendon nerve root and nerve
Radial nerve C7
69
Foot drop
Peroneal nerve
70
Investigation and management for psoas abscess
CT abdomen
| IV ABx and percutaneous drainage
71
Management of simple rib fracture
Conservative management with adequate analgesia
72
Imaging for cauda equina
MRI spine
73
Nerve damaged:
| numb thigh, weak knee extension, patella reflex not elicited
Femoral nerve
74
Displaced hip fracture management
Hemiarthroplasty
75
Tender swelling on posterior elbow
Olecranon bursitis
76
Neurovascular structure damaged with a scaphoid fracture
Dorsal carpal arch of the radial artery
77
Imaging for achilles tendon rupture
Ultrasound ankle
78
Undisplaced scaphoid fracture
Cast for 6-8 weeks
79
What is radiculopathy
Follows a dermatomal distribution unlike a named nerve pathology
80
ICU avoiding chest infection
Physiotherapy
81
Pain over the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Meralgia parasthetica
82
L5 lesion
Loss of foot dorsiflexion and sensory loss dorsum of foot
83
What nerve is injured during a knee arthroplsaty?
Common peroneal nerve
84
Common cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
RA
85
cause of 5th metatarsal fractures
Inversion of the foot and ankle
86
Squaring of the thumb - OA or RA
OA
87
Shoulder pain and weakness following glandular fever
Parsonage-Turner Syndrome
88
Medial epicondylitis
Golfers elbow
89
Lateral epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
90
What are heberdens nodes?
bony outgrowths in the DIP associated with OA that skew the fingertip sideways
91
Investigation for osteoporotic vertebral fracture
X ray spine
92
Lachman Test
ACL
93
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell - organism
Salmonella enterididis
94
Nerve injured in posterior hip displacement
Sciatic
95
Clubfoot examination findings
Inverted and plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable
96
What medication increases the risk of dupytrens?
Seizure
97
Management of undisplaced patella fractures
Conservative management
98
What is the most common reason that total hip replacements need to be revised?
Aseptic loosening of the implant
99
Analgesia in patients with a NOF fracture
Iliofascial nerve block
100
Pain on shoulder abduction 90-120 degreees
Subacromial impingement
101
What do oslers nodes look like and what conditions are they found in?
tender purple/red raised lesions with a pale centre
| endocarditis, SLE, haemolytic anaemia, gonorrhoea
102
Minimally displaced stable fracture management
May weight bear in CAM boot
103
What 2 fractures is compartment syndrome most commonly associated with?
Supracondylar fracture
| Tibial shaft fracture
