Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
What skin condition can be made worse by topical steroids
A
Perioral dermatitis
2
Q
What medication exacerbated plaque psoriasis
A
Beta blockers
also lithium but but bb first
3
Q
How can you differentiate between spider naevi and telangiectasia
A
By pressing on them and watching them fill
- Spider naevi fill from the centre
- Telangiectasia fill from the edge
4
Q
What bacteria contributes towards the development of acne
A
Propionibacterium
5
Q
What is alopecia areata and what should you measure?
A
Autoimmune condition causing localised well-demarcated patches of hair loss with small ‘exclamation mark’ hairs
Screen for other autoimmune diseases
6
Q
Golden crust
A
IMPETIGO
7
Q
Acute onset of tear drop scaly papules on the trunk and limbs
A
Guttate psoriasis
8
Q
What infection can precipitate guttae psoriasis or erythema nodosum
A
Streptococcal throat infection
9
Q
First line treatment for lichen planus
A
Potent topical steroids
10
Q
Flat topped rash on palms, elbow creases and soles of feet
A
Lichen planus
11
Q
Treatment for dermatophyte nail infections
A
Oral terbinafine
12
Q
Features associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
A
Pulmonary hepatic cerebral and spinal AVMs
13
Q
Pathophysiology of pemphigus
A
Antibodies target the desmosomes that connect the cells
14
Q
Cause of hirsutism
A
Cushings syndrome
15
Q
Treatment of pityriasis versicolor
A
Ketoconazole shampoo
16
Q
How many weeks does it take for scabies to stop itching
A
4 weeks
17
Q
Subtype of eczema characterised by an intensely pruritic rash on the palms and soles
A
Pompholyx eczema
18
Q
Features of rosacea
A
Nose cheeks and forehead
Flushing erythema telangiectasia –> papules and pustules
19
Q
Complication of hidradenitis suppurativa
A
Sinus tracts and fistulas
20
Q
What is hutchinson’s sign
A
Pigmentation of nail bed affecting proximal nail fold
Suggests menalona
21
Q
First line treatment for hyperhidrosis
A
Topical aluminiumc hloride
22
Q
What can PUVA progress to
A
SCC
23
Q
First line treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis
A
Topical ketoconazole
24
Q
Long-term management of psoriasis
A
Calcipotriol
25
2 common complications of seborrhoeic dermatitis
Otitis externa and blepharitis
26
Management of children with new onset purpura
Refer immediately for investigations to exclude ALL and meningococcal disease
27
Treatment of psoriasis
Potent corticosteroid applied once daily and vitamin D analogue applied once daily
Aim for a 4 week break in between courses of topical corticosteroids
28
Treatment of erythema nodosum
Supportive
29
Features of lichen planus
Purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces
Wickham's striae over surface
Oral involvement common
30
Features of lichen sclerosus
itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women
31
Main clinical feature of polymorphic eruption in pregnancy
Periumbilical sparing
32
What is hidradenitis suppurativa
a chronic, painful, inflammatory skin disorder is characterized by nodules, pustules, sinus tracts, and scars in intertriginous areas
33
2 precipitating factors for pompholyx eczema
Humidity (sweating)
| High temperatures
34
Treatment of rosacea
mild/moderate: topical metronidazole
| severe/resistant: oral tetracycline e.g. doxycycline
35
What should you monitor when a patient is admitted for erythroderma
Complications e.g. dehydration and high output heart failure
36
Sign of herpes simplex
Erythema multiforme
37
2 types of blisters/bullae
no mucosal involvement (in exams at least*): bullous pemphigoid
mucosal involvement: pemphigus vulgaris
38
Visible cold sores, punched out lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever and malaise
What is it?
What is the cause?
How is it managed?
Eczema herpeticum
Herpes Simplex Virus (rarely Coxsackievirus)
Antiviral treatment
39
most effective treatment for prominent telangiectasia in rosacea
Laser therapy
40
Management of shingles
Treat with antivirals within 72 hours of onset
| Infectious until the vesicles have crusted over
41
Best way to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis
Skin patch test
42
Molluscum contagiosum
Pink or white papules in the umbilical area with a central dimple
43
Management of molluscum contagiosum
No treatment
| Send to school
44
What is Acanthosis nigricans
Thickened skin around the axilla and groin area
45
Golden, crusted skin lesions typically found around the mouth of a child
Impetigo
46
Superficial epidermal burn
Red and painful
47
Partial thickness (superficial dermal)
Pale, pink, painful, blistered, blanching erythema
48
Partial thickness (deep dermal)
White but patches of non-blanching erythema, reduced sensation
49
Full thickness burn
White/brown/black
No blisters
No pain
50
Lipoma presentation and management
Mobile, rubbery, non-tender mass
| Ultrasound if more than 6cm
51
Can iron deficiency anaemia cause puritis
Yes
52
Where are keloid scars most common?
Sternum
53
Raised well defined rash with sharp borders on the legs of a diabetic
What is it and what is the causative organism
Erysipelas
| Strep pyrogens
54
6 causes of acanthosis nigricans
```
T2DM
PCOS
Obesity
GI adenocarcinoma / pancreatic cancer
Cushings
Acromegaly
```
55
Acne rosacea vs vulgaris
Vulgaris: comedomes (blackheads)
Rosacea: just red
56
Trigger for pityriasis rosea
Viral infection
57
Trigger for acne rosacea
Sun exposure, hot drinks, exercise
58
Acne management
Single topical therapy (retinoid, benzoyl peroxide)
Topical combination therapy (add an ABx)
Oral ABx (tetracycline, erythromycin in pregnancy) or COCP
Oral isotretinoin
59
Skin disorder associated with coeliac
Dermatitis herpetiformis
60
Management of venous ulceration
Compression bandaging
61
Treatment of impetigo
Topical Hydrogen Peroxide
Topical Fusidic Acid
Oral flucloxacillin
62
What is pityriasis rosea
Self-limiting rash in young adults that lasts 6-12 weeks
| Herald patch followed by smaller lesions elsewhere
63
Treatment of facial hair in PCOS
Topical eflornithine
64
Differentiate between pyogenic granuloma and amelanotic melanoma
```
Granuloma = hx of trauma
Melanona = grows slowly under the foot or nail,
```
65
Treatment of guttae psoriasis
Reassurance and topical treatment if sx
66
What do antivirals in shingles aim to reduce?
Post-herpetic neuralgia
67
3 treatments for athletes foot
topical imidazole, undecenoate, or terbinafine first-line
68
causative organism for pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis
Malassezia furfur
69
Vasculitis with upper limb claudication and absent pulses
Takaysau's arteritis
70
Vasculitis with lower limb claudication and corkscrew shaped vessels in young male smokers
Buergers disease
71
Vasculitis with headache and blurred vision with pain when combing hair
Giant cell vasculitis
72
Rapidly worsening painful eczema - what is it and how is it treated?
Eczema herperticum
| Admission for IV antivirals
73
Side effect of topical steroids in patients with darker skin
Patchy depigmentation of skin
74
Autoimmune blistering skin disorder causing itchy vesicular skin lesions on extensor surfaces
Dermatitis herpetiformis
75
Newborn with tiny white papules on the nose
Milia
76
pink-coloured, vascular skin lesion over the nape of a baby's neck, which blanches on pressure
Salmon patch
| darker would be a port wine stain
77
What is pellagra and what can it be caused by?
Lack of vitamin B3
Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Dementia
Isoniazid can cause it
78
Side effect of ketocanazole
Gynecomastia
79
erythema ab igne rash
overexposure to heat e.g. sitting next to a fire or using a hot water bottle
80
Presentation of erythema multiforme
Giant non-itchy target lesions with three colours
81
What is pityriasis versicolor
Patches of skin discolouration on the trunk, flaky and itchy precipitated by hot weather
overgrowth of yeast
82
Extensive blistering and necrotic skin rash affecting the whole body and mucus membranes
Toxic Epidermal necrolysis
| Severe end of the sprctrum of erythema multiforme --> steven johnson syndrome
83
Causes of Toxic epidermal necrolysis
```
phenytoin
sulphonamides
allopurinol
penicillins
carbamazepine
NSAIDs
```
84
4 treatments for vitiligo
Sun block
Topical tacrolimus
Phototherapy
Topical corticosteroids
85
Pyoderma gangrenosum associations, features and treatment
Associated with IBD, RA, myeloproliferative disorders
Deep painful ulcer that grows and looks like a pizza
Treated with steroids
86
Pearly edge
BCC
87
Single most important prognostic factor in melanoma
Depth of the lesion
88
Do healthcare workers need to be vaccinated against varicella zoster
Healthcare workers who aren't naturally immune to varicella should be vaccinated
89
Hepatitis vaccinations
Hepatitis A and B
90
Management of superficial dermal burns covering more than 3% of the body
Refer to secondary care
91
Pruritic blistering lesions in pregnancy
Pemphigoid gestationis
92
Investigation for skin ulcers
Ankle-brachial pressure index
93
Investigation for skin ulcers
Ankle-brachial pressure index
94
What is the gold standard approach in managing morphoeic BCC
Mohs microgaphic surger
95
Melanoma in areas not associated with sun exposure (palms and soles)
Acral lentiginous melanoma
96
Scarring in acne
Referral for oral isotrenitoin
97
Management of lichen sclerosus
Topical clobetasol propionate
98
Where do venous ulcers usually occur?
Around the medial malleolus
99
Rash with pain
Shingles
100
Dermatofibroma
Solitary firm papule/nodule that dimples on pinching
101
Common secondary malignancy after renal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
102
Treatment of verruca
Salicyclic acid
103
Treatment of actinic keratosis
Flurouracil cream
| Topical Diclofenac
104
Treatment of headlice
Malathion
105
treatment of patients with moderate-severe hirsutism
Co-cyprindiol
106
Complications of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Volume loss and electrolyte derangemetn
107
What is the koebner phenomenon
Formation of new skin lesions at the site of skin injury
| Common in psoriasis
108
3 associations with ulcerative colitis
large-joint arthritis, sacroilitis and pyoderma gangrenosum
109
First line for scalp psoriasis
Topical potent corticosteroid e.g. betamethasone
110
Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is usually painful.
111
Small crusty or scaly lesions on sun-exposed areas
Actinic keratoses
| Premalignant
112
Medication which causes spider naevi
COCP
113
What skin lesion can TB cause
Erythema nodosum
114
Lichen
planus: purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. Wickham's striae over surface. Oral involvement common
115
Treatment of bullous pemphigoif
Oral corticosteroids
116
What is Wallace's Rule fo Nine
Each of the following is 9% of the body when calculating surface area % if a burn:
Head + neck, each arm, each anterior part of leg, each posterior part of leg, anterior chest, posterior chest, anterior abdomen, posterior abdomen
117
Lichen sclerosis in males
uncircumcised man, who has developed a tight white ring around the tip of the foreskin and phimosis
118
Impetigo back to school
Patients may return to school or work when they are no longer contagious which is when all lesions have crusted over or 48h after treatment starts
119
Vililigo and alopecia areata association?
Yes
120
tender, erythematous nodules over her forearms with high calcium
Erythema nodosum - likely sarcoidosis (get a cxr)
121
Endocrinological cause of acne vulgaris
COCP
122
Cause of haematemesis in a burn victim
Curlings ulcers
123
2 features of a sebaceous cyst
Located in the scalp
| Associated central punctu,
124
Complication of electrical burns causing hyperkalaemia and high CK
Rhabdomyolysis
125
Post burn parasthesia and severe pain in the lower leg
Compartment syndrome
126
Most invasive melanoma which metastasises early
Nodular
127
Cause of ringworn
Fungus
128
Cause of fine layer of soft hair over an adolescent girl
Malnutrition - lanugo hair
129
Treatment of scabies
Everyone in the family needs two applications of permethrin one week apart
130
ABx to treat erythrasma
Erythromycin
131
What dermatitis is parkinsons disease associated with
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
132
Formula to calculate IV fluid for burns
Parkland formula
133
What does psoriasis increase the risk of?
CVD
