Paediatric orthapaedics Flashcards
Paediatric MSK pathology originates from _____ injury resulting in increased muscle _____ thus abnormal _________ thus contractures and bony deformities
brain
tone
posture
What does GMFCS stand for? With higher GMFCS comes higher risk or __________.
Gross Motor Function Classification System
dislocation
If the curve of the spine is greater than ____ degrees this warrants spinal fusion surgery
45
What is clubbed foot also Known as?
CTEV- Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
What is rocker bottom feet also known as?
Congenital Vertical talus
What does HSMN stand for?
Hereditary sensory and Motor neuropathy
What is the main treatment for CTEV and Congenital vertical talus?
Ponseti Casting
Longitudinal bone growth occurs from the epiphyseal ______ _____ which is a cartilage structure whereas circumferential bone growth occurs from the ___________.
growth plate
periosteum
Usually infants start crawling at ___ to ___ months, 8-12 months stands and ____ to ____ months walks. First words are from __ to __ months
6 to 9
14 to 17
9 to 12
What is the difference between genu varum and valgum
varum= bow legged valgum= knock kneed
Genu varum is normal in under ____ year olds and may persist in some families and so not be due to pathology. Genu valgus has a normal peak at _____ years
two
3.5
Name some of the causes of pathological Genu varum
Rickets skeletal dysplasia tumour trauma Blount's disease
What is Blount’s disease?
Growth arrest of medial tibial epiphysis of unknown aetiology resulting in genu varum and characteristic beak like bone deformity on x-ray
Name some causes of pathological genu valgus
rickets
tumours e.g. osteochondroma, enchondroma
neurofibromatosis
idiopathic
Give three possible causes of intoeing
femoral neck anteversion
internal tibial torsion- common in 1-3 year olds
metatarsus adductus
