lil' bit of anatomy Flashcards
What are the three borders of the femoral triangle?
superior- inguinal ligament
medial- adductor longus
lateral- sartorius
What nerve(s) supplies the gluteal supplies the gluteal muscles?
superior gluteal- medius and minor
inferior gluteal- major
What does the sciatic nerve divide into?
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
What nerve supplies the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
sacral plexus
What gait is shown with gluteal muscle impairment?
Trendelenburg gait
What ligament covers the lesser sciatic foramen? What ligament is posterior to this?
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
What nerve supplies the perineum?
Pudenal nerve
Other than the sciatic nerve what other nerve is found in the thigh?
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
The muscles of the leg are divided into ___________ separated by _____________ ________.
compartments
intermuscular septum
What is compartment syndrome?
Where there is increased pressure on a muscle compartment due to tissue swelling or fluid. is relieved by fasciotomy in emergency
The thigh has a anterior, posterior and ________ compartment while the leg has an anterior, posterior and _________ compartment.
medial
lateral
What is the iliopsoas muscle a combination of?
iliacus and psoas major
Which three muscles are flexors of the thigh? Apart from the psoas major muscle which nerve innervates these?
iliopsoas
sartorius
pectineus
femoral nerve
identify the 7 muscles within the anterior compartment of the thigh
iliopsoas
pectineus
quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
sartorius
what are the 5 muscles of the medial thigh? Which nerve supplies most of these? what is their function?
gracilis obturator externus adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus obturator nerve adductors of the thigh
Which three muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh? What are they called in laymans terms?
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
hamstring muscles
Which muscles make up the anterior and lateral regions of the leg?
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
superficial muscles of the posterior leg?
gastrocenimus
plantaris
soleus
deep muscles of the posterior leg?
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
Which arteries supply the hip joint?
artery to head of femur
lateral and medial circumflex
Give another name for the Achilles tendon
Calcaneal
Name the five regions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebra in each region
cervical- 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacral 5 coccygeal 4 (but 5 nerves)
Which of the following regions convex/concave anteriorly? cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral
cervical- convex
thoracic- concave
lumbar- convex
sacral- concave
Distinguish between kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis
kyphosis- posterior spinal curvature
lordosis- anterior spinal curvature
scoliosis- lateral spinal curvature
Name the two parts of the vertebral arch
lamina
pedicle
Name 4 processes evident on a vertebra
transverse
superior articular
inferior articular
spinous
Which part of the vertebra is weight bearing?
Vertebral body
Name the two foramen evident in the vertebral column
intervertebral foramen
vertebral foramen
Name the three atypical cervical vertebrae.
atlas- C1
axis- C2
vertebra prominens- C7
Cervical vertebra possess a ______ spinous process and Foramen _____________ which contain the vertebral arteries and veins. The thoracic vertebrae differ by having a _________ vertebral foramen.
bifid
transversarium
circular
Name the five superficial extrinsic muscles of the back
latissimus dorsi trapezius Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor levator scapulae
What is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
stress fracture
displacement
Name the three erector spinous muscles and the subdivisions of each type
Spinalis- cervicis, capitis, thoracis
iliocostalis- lumborum, cervices, thoracis
longissimus- cervicis, capitis, thoracis
What type of joints are facet and IV joints?
cartilaginous joints
name the outer and inner layer of the IV discs which allows for flexibility and compressionability
Anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
Give another name for a facet joint
Zygapophysial joint
What type of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints? what about the radiocarpal joint?
synovial pivot
synovial ellipsoid
The movement of which joints results in supination and pronation?
proximal and distal radioulnar joints
What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?
subluxation- articular surfaces displaced but still overlap
dislocation- articular surfaces displaced and no longer overlap
Name three ligaments that stabilise the elbow joint
lateral collateral
medial collateral
Annular
What three types of synovial joint are found in the hand?
saddle
hinge
condyloid
Name the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles (including the four rotator cuff muscles)
deltoid teres major teres minor infraspinatus supraspinatus subscapularis
Which of the rotator cuff muscles inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus
subscapularis
State the muscles and innervation of the posterior and anterior compartments of the arm
posterior- radial nerve, triceps brachii
anterior- musculocutaneous nerve,
biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, brachialis (BBC)
The ________ eminence is innervated by the median nerve whereas the __________ eminence is innervated by the ulnar nerve
thenar
hypothenar
LOAF is used to abbreviate the muscles innervated by the median nerve. Name each of these
medial 2 lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
Each trunk of the brachial plexus has a _________ and ___________ division and the divisions have no __________.
anterior
posterior
branches
What does the anterior and posterior drawer test investigate?
anterior/posterior cruciate ligament rupture
What occurs in a Maisonneuve fracture?
Fracture of the proximal fibula causes rupture of the tibiofibular syndesmosis
What causes foot drop?
Dysfunction of anterior leg compartment muscles
Identify the functions of the following:
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis
- Obturator internus, superior gemelis, inferior gemelis
- Quadratus femoris
- Extends thigh
- Abduct and medially rotate thigh
- laterally rotates extended thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum
- Laterally rotates thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum
What are the four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
