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Musculoskeletal Block > lil' bit of anatomy > Flashcards

lil' bit of anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three borders of the femoral triangle?

A

superior- inguinal ligament
medial- adductor longus
lateral- sartorius

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2
Q

What nerve(s) supplies the gluteal supplies the gluteal muscles?

A

superior gluteal- medius and minor

inferior gluteal- major

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3
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

tibial nerve

common fibular nerve

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

sacral plexus

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5
Q

What gait is shown with gluteal muscle impairment?

A

Trendelenburg gait

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6
Q

What ligament covers the lesser sciatic foramen? What ligament is posterior to this?

A

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

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7
Q

What nerve supplies the perineum?

A

Pudenal nerve

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8
Q

Other than the sciatic nerve what other nerve is found in the thigh?

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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9
Q

The muscles of the leg are divided into ___________ separated by _____________ ________.

A

compartments

intermuscular septum

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10
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Where there is increased pressure on a muscle compartment due to tissue swelling or fluid. is relieved by fasciotomy in emergency

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11
Q

The thigh has a anterior, posterior and ________ compartment while the leg has an anterior, posterior and _________ compartment.

A

medial

lateral

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12
Q

What is the iliopsoas muscle a combination of?

A

iliacus and psoas major

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13
Q

Which three muscles are flexors of the thigh? Apart from the psoas major muscle which nerve innervates these?

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
pectineus
femoral nerve

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14
Q

identify the 7 muscles within the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

iliopsoas
pectineus
quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
sartorius

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15
Q

what are the 5 muscles of the medial thigh? Which nerve supplies most of these? what is their function?

A 
gracilis
obturator externus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturator nerve
adductors of the thigh
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16
Q

Which three muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh? What are they called in laymans terms?

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
hamstring muscles

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17
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior and lateral regions of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

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18
Q

superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

gastrocenimus
plantaris
soleus

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19
Q

deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

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20
Q

Which arteries supply the hip joint?

A

artery to head of femur

lateral and medial circumflex

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21
Q

Give another name for the Achilles tendon

A

Calcaneal

22
Q

Name the five regions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebra in each region

A 
cervical- 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal 4 (but 5 nerves)
23
Q

Which of the following regions convex/concave anteriorly? cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral

A

cervical- convex
thoracic- concave
lumbar- convex
sacral- concave

24
Q

Distinguish between kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis

A

kyphosis- posterior spinal curvature
lordosis- anterior spinal curvature
scoliosis- lateral spinal curvature

25
Q

Name the two parts of the vertebral arch

A

lamina

pedicle

26
Q

Name 4 processes evident on a vertebra

A

transverse
superior articular
inferior articular
spinous

27
Q

Which part of the vertebra is weight bearing?

A

Vertebral body

28
Q

Name the two foramen evident in the vertebral column

A

intervertebral foramen

vertebral foramen

29
Q

Name the three atypical cervical vertebrae.

A

atlas- C1
axis- C2
vertebra prominens- C7

30
Q

Cervical vertebra possess a ______ spinous process and Foramen _____________ which contain the vertebral arteries and veins. The thoracic vertebrae differ by having a _________ vertebral foramen.

A

bifid
transversarium
circular

31
Q

Name the five superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

A 
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
levator scapulae
32
Q

What is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

A

stress fracture

displacement

33
Q

Name the three erector spinous muscles and the subdivisions of each type

A

Spinalis- cervicis, capitis, thoracis
iliocostalis- lumborum, cervices, thoracis
longissimus- cervicis, capitis, thoracis

34
Q

What type of joints are facet and IV joints?

A

cartilaginous joints

35
Q

name the outer and inner layer of the IV discs which allows for flexibility and compressionability

A

Anulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

36
Q

Give another name for a facet joint

A

Zygapophysial joint

37
Q

What type of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints? what about the radiocarpal joint?

A

synovial pivot

synovial ellipsoid

38
Q

The movement of which joints results in supination and pronation?

A

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

39
Q

What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?

A

subluxation- articular surfaces displaced but still overlap

dislocation- articular surfaces displaced and no longer overlap

40
Q

Name three ligaments that stabilise the elbow joint

A

lateral collateral
medial collateral
Annular

41
Q

What three types of synovial joint are found in the hand?

A

saddle
hinge
condyloid

42
Q

Name the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles (including the four rotator cuff muscles)

A 
deltoid
teres major
teres minor
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
subscapularis
43
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus

A

subscapularis

44
Q

State the muscles and innervation of the posterior and anterior compartments of the arm

A

posterior- radial nerve, triceps brachii
anterior- musculocutaneous nerve,
biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, brachialis (BBC)

45
Q

The ________ eminence is innervated by the median nerve whereas the __________ eminence is innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

thenar

hypothenar

46
Q

LOAF is used to abbreviate the muscles innervated by the median nerve. Name each of these

A

medial 2 lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

47
Q

Each trunk of the brachial plexus has a _________ and ___________ division and the divisions have no __________.

A

anterior
posterior
branches

48
Q

What does the anterior and posterior drawer test investigate?

A

anterior/posterior cruciate ligament rupture

49
Q

What occurs in a Maisonneuve fracture?

A

Fracture of the proximal fibula causes rupture of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

50
Q

What causes foot drop?

A

Dysfunction of anterior leg compartment muscles

51
Q

Identify the functions of the following:

  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis
  3. Obturator internus, superior gemelis, inferior gemelis
  4. Quadratus femoris
A
  1. Extends thigh
  2. Abduct and medially rotate thigh
  3. laterally rotates extended thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum
  4. Laterally rotates thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum
52
Q

What are the four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris

Musculoskeletal Block (10 decks)

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