Paediatric ENT Flashcards
what causes sound?
oscillating molecules set in motion by vibration
what does the frequency of a sound dictate?
pitch
what does the amplitude of a sound dictate?
intensity
name the minimum and maximum amount of Hz that a human can hear
20Hz-20,000Hz
what part of the ear is seen as a “receiver”?
external part of ear
what part of the ear is seen as the “transducer”?
inner ear
what part of the ear is seen as the amplifier mechanism?
middle ear
what type of wave is a sound wave?
sin
what is the tympanic membrane also known as?
eardrum
what is the tympanic membrance : oval window ratio?
18 : 1
what is the ECOLI mnemonic and what does it describe?
Eighth cranial nerve eg wave 1 Cochlear nucleus Olivary complex (superior) Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculis eg wave 5
the ascending order of structures that corresponds to each waveform in an auditory brainstem response (ABR) tracing
how many weeks into gestation can foetuses hear?
18 weeks
how many weeks into gestation can foetuses respond to sound/voice?
26 weeks
what is the ratio of children will have severe hearing loss at birth?
1 in 1000
give an example of syllable deletion by a child?
nana instead of banana
when should you investigate delayed speech?
if the baby is 6 months behind the checkpoint
when should a child with delayed speech be referred to SALT?
27 months
do bilingual children take longer or shorter to speak their first words?
longer
what happens in auditory processing disorder?
ear and brain are normal but don’t understand words
what neurodevelopmental disorders can present with delayed speech?
ADHD
autism spectrum disorder
verbal dyspraxia
developmental delay
out of the children presenting with hearing loss at birth, what percentage are caused by genetics?
50% genetic
50% acquired
when are children screened for hearing loss?
first 2 weeks of life
what do inner hair cells do?
hear sounds
what do outer hair cells do?
receive impulses from brain to modulate sounds
what is an OAE?
otoacoustic emission/sound
how is early hearing loss treated?
cochlear implant
most common cause of congenital hearing loss?
non-syndromic (linked to mutation in the genes coding for inner ear proteins)
what symptom other than hearing loss does usher syndrome present with
retinitis pigmentosa
what symptom other than hearing loss does pendred syndrome present with?
goitre
what symptoms other than hearing loss does alport syndrome present with?
eye abnormalities
progressive renal disease
haematuria
how are most ear syndromes inherited?
autosomal recessive inheritance
