Acutely Ill Child Flashcards
why is airway resuscitation harder in babies?
their larynx is more anterior
they have a floppy epiglottis
what is a baby’s blood vol per kilo?
80mls per kilo
why do transfusions need to be small?
they have smaller blood volumes
most common causes of mortality in babies?
prematurity
infection
most common child presentation?
respiratory eg bronchiolitis, URTI, croup
most common GI child presentation
gastroenteritis
most common neuro child presentation is
epilepsy
seizures
commonest chronic condition in children?
seizures/epilepsy
commonest acute presentation in children?
sepsis
symptoms of sepsis are
vomit
rash
fever
malaise
what kind of antibiotics should be used in kids with sepsis and why?
broad spec as the cause of sepsis in kids is usually viral
what percentage of bronchiolitis cases are cause by RSV?
70%
treatment for bronchiolitis?
supportive - o2, ng feeding, fluids
proper name for croup is
laryngotracheobronchitis
is croup viral or bacterial?
viral
what is distended in croup and why?
hypopharynx as kids are trying desperately to get air in
treatment for croup?
steroids
age range for pneumonia?
any age
is encephalitis usually caused by a bacteria or virus?
viral
how should an x ray of a suspected case of foreign body inhalation?
take 2 planes
presentation of foreign body inhalation?
acute onset resp distress and bloody sputum sometimes
investigation into CNS problems in kids
lumbar puncture
imaging
what test can be done to test if a rash is purpuric or not?
tumbler test- press a glass on it to see if it blanches
cause of asthma exacerbations in summer and winter?
summer= hayfever winter= URTI
what is purpuric rash a symptom of?
meningococcal septicaemia
what should you get parents to do when their child has seizures?
video it
presentation of febrile seizure?
seizures in response to a fever in kids under 5
how do you treat a febrile seizure?
reassurance
cause of a noxious seizure?
noxious stimulus eg upset, angry
what causes a vasovagal episode?
drop in BP due to failure of the ANS
cause of fits?
febrile seizures vasovagal episode reflex anoxic seizures breath holding attacks behavioural episodes epilepsy arrhythmia
causes of GI obstruction in children?
congenital pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation
cause of a UTI in kids?
abnormal renal tract
most common arrhythmia in kids?
SVT
main chemical receptors in mental health?
serotonin
dopamine
commonest reason for a cute illness in children?
sepsis
commonest cause of illness in teens?
trauma
how does the heart rate, resp rate and blood pressure of a child compare to an adult?
HR + RR = higher
BP = lower
maximum amount of time you can wait to respond to paediatric sepsis?
1hr
what ml and conc of fluid should you give a child in sepsis?
20ml/kg of 0.9% saline
what 2 problems directly cause circulatory failure?
fluid loss
fluid maldistribution
example of fluid maldistribution?
cardiac problems
septic shock
anaphylaxis
2 causes of respiratory failure?
respiratory distress
respiratory depression
causes of respiratory distress in children?
foreign body
croup
asthma
is resp or cardiac failure worse?
cardiac
how can respiratory failure progress to cardiac failure?
can lead to cardiac arrest which causes cardiac failure
what would you see on an ECG of a kid with cardiac arrest
asystole
why cant kids be shocked?
dont get VF
at what age should you start tilting the head in CPR?
1yr
what kinds of recession can a child present with?
sternal
subcostal
intercostal
best “C” test in ABCDE for kids?
cap refill
pathway of symptoms for croup?
cold then barking cough then strudor
treatment for croup?
steroids
how can you assess if a child is dehydrated?
sunken fontanelle if baby skin turgor reduced urine output shock altered conciousness dried mucus membranes
decerebrate is worse than decorborate positioning in brainstem damage : T or F
T
what should you do if you suspect brainstem damage in a child?
CT brain
ventilation
difference between decerebrate and decorticate rigidity on appearance?
in decorticate the arms are flexed whereas the arms at the side in decerebrate
