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2 Child Health > Acutely Ill Child > Flashcards

Acutely Ill Child Flashcards

1
Q

why is airway resuscitation harder in babies?

A

their larynx is more anterior

they have a floppy epiglottis

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2
Q

what is a baby’s blood vol per kilo?

A

80mls per kilo

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3
Q

why do transfusions need to be small?

A

they have smaller blood volumes

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4
Q

most common causes of mortality in babies?

A

prematurity

infection

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5
Q

most common child presentation?

A

respiratory eg bronchiolitis, URTI, croup

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6
Q

most common GI child presentation

A

gastroenteritis

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7
Q

most common neuro child presentation is

A

epilepsy

seizures

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8
Q

commonest chronic condition in children?

A

seizures/epilepsy

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9
Q

commonest acute presentation in children?

A

sepsis

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10
Q

symptoms of sepsis are

A

vomit
rash
fever
malaise

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11
Q

what kind of antibiotics should be used in kids with sepsis and why?

A

broad spec as the cause of sepsis in kids is usually viral

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12
Q

what percentage of bronchiolitis cases are cause by RSV?

A

70%

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13
Q

treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

supportive - o2, ng feeding, fluids

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14
Q

proper name for croup is

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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15
Q

is croup viral or bacterial?

A

viral

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16
Q

what is distended in croup and why?

A

hypopharynx as kids are trying desperately to get air in

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17
Q

treatment for croup?

A

steroids

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18
Q

age range for pneumonia?

A

any age

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19
Q

is encephalitis usually caused by a bacteria or virus?

A

viral

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20
Q

how should an x ray of a suspected case of foreign body inhalation?

A

take 2 planes

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21
Q

presentation of foreign body inhalation?

A

acute onset resp distress and bloody sputum sometimes

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22
Q

investigation into CNS problems in kids

A

lumbar puncture

imaging

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23
Q

what test can be done to test if a rash is purpuric or not?

A

tumbler test- press a glass on it to see if it blanches

24
Q

cause of asthma exacerbations in summer and winter?

A 
summer= hayfever
winter= URTI
25
Q

what is purpuric rash a symptom of?

A

meningococcal septicaemia

26
Q

what should you get parents to do when their child has seizures?

A

video it

27
Q

presentation of febrile seizure?

A

seizures in response to a fever in kids under 5

28
Q

how do you treat a febrile seizure?

A

reassurance

29
Q

cause of a noxious seizure?

A

noxious stimulus eg upset, angry

30
Q

what causes a vasovagal episode?

A

drop in BP due to failure of the ANS

31
Q

cause of fits?

A 
febrile seizures
vasovagal episode
reflex anoxic seizures
breath holding attacks
behavioural episodes
epilepsy
arrhythmia
32
Q

causes of GI obstruction in children?

A

congenital pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation

33
Q

cause of a UTI in kids?

A

abnormal renal tract

34
Q

most common arrhythmia in kids?

A

SVT

35
Q

main chemical receptors in mental health?

A

serotonin

dopamine

36
Q

commonest reason for a cute illness in children?

A

sepsis

37
Q

commonest cause of illness in teens?

A

trauma

38
Q

how does the heart rate, resp rate and blood pressure of a child compare to an adult?

A

HR + RR = higher

BP = lower

39
Q

maximum amount of time you can wait to respond to paediatric sepsis?

A

1hr

40
Q

what ml and conc of fluid should you give a child in sepsis?

A

20ml/kg of 0.9% saline

41
Q

what 2 problems directly cause circulatory failure?

A

fluid loss

fluid maldistribution

42
Q

example of fluid maldistribution?

A

cardiac problems
septic shock
anaphylaxis

43
Q

2 causes of respiratory failure?

A

respiratory distress

respiratory depression

44
Q

causes of respiratory distress in children?

A

foreign body
croup
asthma

45
Q

is resp or cardiac failure worse?

A

cardiac

46
Q

how can respiratory failure progress to cardiac failure?

A

can lead to cardiac arrest which causes cardiac failure

47
Q

what would you see on an ECG of a kid with cardiac arrest

A

asystole

48
Q

why cant kids be shocked?

A

dont get VF

49
Q

at what age should you start tilting the head in CPR?

A

1yr

50
Q

what kinds of recession can a child present with?

A

sternal
subcostal
intercostal

51
Q

best “C” test in ABCDE for kids?

A

cap refill

52
Q

pathway of symptoms for croup?

A

cold then barking cough then strudor

53
Q

treatment for croup?

A

steroids

54
Q

how can you assess if a child is dehydrated?

A 
sunken fontanelle if baby
skin turgor
reduced urine output
shock
altered conciousness
dried mucus membranes
55
Q

decerebrate is worse than decorborate positioning in brainstem damage : T or F

A

T

56
Q

what should you do if you suspect brainstem damage in a child?

A

CT brain

ventilation

57
Q

difference between decerebrate and decorticate rigidity on appearance?

A

in decorticate the arms are flexed whereas the arms at the side in decerebrate

2 Child Health (9 decks)

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