Paediatric diseases

Question 1

What are strategies against childhood illnesses?

Answer 1

• IMCI- integrated management of childhood illness
• Focuses on mortality and morbidity as an integrated approach
  
  • Preventative and curative measures
• Implementation by many
  
  • Community
  • Families
  • Health systems
  • Governments
    
    • Multisectoral approach

Question 2

what are the 3 components to the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI)?

Answer 2

• The IMCI includes both preventative and curative measures that can be implemented by families, communities & health facillities

3 main components: improving:

• 1. Case management of providers
• health systems
• improving family and community health responses
• people of different levels of training could handle complex siturations
• assess-> classify-> identify illness-> treat/management

Question 3

Describe the epidemiology of pneumonia in children

Answer 3

Major cause of under 5 mortality

pneumonia by world region (particularly evident in SSA)

Most common reason why children are hospitalised in the winter

1 million deaths annually (almost 20% of these cases are in under 5s)

most cases are in very few countries (like india and nigeria)

Question 4

What are causes of child deaths attributed to pneumonia by functio?

Answer 4

1. Child wasting- 425 000
2. indoor air pollution 229 000
3. outdoor air pollution 140 000
4. short term gestation 128 000
5. child stnting- 120 000

At no. 12, there is zinc deficiency at approx 12 000 deaths

Question 5

Pneumonic

Answer 5

Protect

prevent

treat

Question 6

How to prevent against pneumonia?

Answer 6

immunisation-> PCV, HiB, diptheria, measles (up to 30% decrease in mortality for PCV) This is increase in vaccine coverage

reducing indoor air pollution (33% decrease in incidence of severe pneumonia)

Question 7

How to protect against pneumonia

Answer 7

exclusive breastfeeding (23% decrease in incidence)

vitamin A (23% decreease in mortality)

ensure adequate nutrition

Question 8

Difference between cause of pneumonia in adults and children

Answer 8

Most common cause of adult pneumonia is caused by bacteria

most common cause of pneumonia in children is the synccytial virus

Question 9

How would you diagnose and treat children with pneumonia?

Answer 9

Increase care seeking

scale up integrated service delivery and quality of care

ensure access to essential commodities

achieve universal health coverage for all children

invest in health workers

case management (antibiotics and oxygen) 29-45% reduction in case fatality

Question 10

Describe the IMCI chart for pneumonia

Answer 10

You learned about chest in-drawing

ASSESS whether the child has cough or any difficult breathing

COUNT the number of breaths the child takes in one minute

Question 11

What is the burden of diarrhoeal diseases in children?

Answer 11

almost the same proportion of deaths as lower respiratory tract infections

14 deaths per day in europe

attributed to U5M