Paediatric Development Flashcards
What is the normal development milestones of a 12 months old?
- Standing unsupported
- Pincer grip
- “Mama/Dada/No”
- Fear strangers
What is the normal development milestones of a 18 months old?
- Stack 2 blocks
- Walk without help
- Anxious separated from parent
- Knows 6-12 words
- Scribbles
What is the normal development milestones of a 2 years old?
- Link 2 words into sentences
- Understand 2-step commands
What is the normal development milestones of a 3 years old?
- Use a tricycle
- 3-word sentences
- Constantly talk
What are the primitive reflexes?
- Moro = startle reflex
- Sudden drop → arms outstretched
- Stepping
- Rooting = turns head and sucks towards stimulus
- Palmar & plantar grasp = if palm is touched the baby will grasp
- Atonic neck = head turns if arm is extended
- Babinski = toes up and spread
- Opposite to adults
When do the primitive reflexes disappear?
- 2 months = Stepping
- 4 months = Rooting, Moro
- 4-5 months = Grasping
- 6-9 months = Babinski
In what order does gross motor skills develop?
Head to Toe
When do 50% of children develop head control and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 1 month
- Upper limit = 4 months
When do 50% of children sit unsupported and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 8 months
- Upper limit = 10 months
When do 50% of children stand with support and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 10 months
- Upper limit = 12 months
When do 50% of children walk independently what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 12 months
- Upper limit = 18 months
When do 50% of children fix and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 6 weeks
- Upper limit = 3 months
When do 50% of reach and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 4 months
- Upper limit = 6 months
When do 50% of children transfer and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 7 months
- Upper limit = 9 months
When do 50% of children polysyllabic babble and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
Bababababa or Lalalalala
- 50% = 5 months
- Upper limit = 7 months
What is the upper age limit of development for consonant babble?
- 10 months
What is the upper age limit of development for saying 6 words with meaning?
- 18 months
What is the upper age limit of development for joining words?
- 2 years
What is the upper age limit of development for 3 word sentences?
- 2.5 years
When do 50% of children smile and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 6 weeks
- Upper limit = 8 weeks
When do 50% of children fear strangers and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 7 months
- Upper limit = 10 months
What is the upper age limit of development for 3 word sentences?
- 18 months
When do 50% of children fear strangers and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 7 months
- Upper limit = 10 months
When do 50% of children show interactive play and follow and what is the upper limit of development?
- 50% = 2.5-3 years
- Upper limit = 3-3.5 years
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 6 week old?
- Gross motor
- Good head control - raise head to 45° when on tummy
- Stabilise head when raised to sitting
- Fine motor / Vision
- Tracks object/faces
- Speech / Language
- Stills
- Startles at loud noises
- Social
- Social smile - visual problem if not
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 6 month old?
- Gross motor
- Sit without support with rounded back
- Rolls from tummy to back - vice versa slightly later
- Fine motor / Vision
- Palmar grasp
- Transfer hand to hand
- Speech / Language
- Turns head to loud noises
- Understands “bye bye” / “no”
- Babbles - monosyllabic
- Social
- Puts objects to mouth - stops at 1 year
- Shakes rattle
- Reaches for bottle / breast
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 12 month old?
- Gross motor
- Walks alone - 9-18 months
- Fine motor / Vision
- Can stack 2 blocks
- Neat pincer grip
- Casting blocks
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of nouns
- 3 words
- Points to own body parts
- Social
- Waves “bye bye”
- Hand clapping
- Plays alone if familiar person nearby
- Drinks from beaker with lid
What is the threshold for worry if a child can’t walk along and what are the potential diagnosis?
18 months
- Duchenne’s MD
- Hip problems
- Cerebral palsy
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 18 month old?
- Gross motor
- Runs - 16 months
- Fine motor / Vision
- Draws to and fro
- Stacks 4 blocks
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of nouns
- 1 to 6 different words
- Points to body parts on a doll
- Social
- Imitates every day activities
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 2 year old?
- Gross motor
- Runs on tiptoes
- Walks upstairs - both feet on each step
- Throws ball at shoulder level
- Fine motor / Vision
- Draws a vertical straight line
- Stacks 8 blocks
- Puzzle
- >2yrs = shape matching
- <2yrs = randond effort
- Turns several pages of book at a time
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of verbs
- 50+ word vocabulary
- 2 words joined together
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 2 and a half year old?
- Gross motor
- Kicks ball
- Jumping
- Fine motor / Vision
- Draws a horizontal straight line
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of prepositions in and on
- 3 to 4 words joined together
- Social
- Eats skilfully with spoon
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 3 year old?
- Gross motor
- Hops on one foot for 3 steps
- Walks upstairs - one foot per step
- Walk downstairs - two feet per step
- Fine motor / Vision
- Draws a circle
- Creates a bridge with blocks
- Can perform single cuts with scissors
- Uses Griffiths beads
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of adjectives
- Understands negatives
- Social
- Begins to share toys with friends
- Plays alone without parents
- Eats with fork and spoon
- Bowel control
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 3 and half year old?
- Fine motor / Vision
- Can cut papers into pieces using scissors
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of comparatives
What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 4 year old?
- Gross motor
- Walks upstairs and downstairs in adult manner
- Fine motor / Vision
- Draws a cross, square (4.5) and triangle or person (5)
- Creates steps with blocks
- Can stack 12 blocks
- Can cut paper in half with scissors
- Uses small beads
- Speech / Language
- Shows understanding of complex instructions
- Uses complex narrative/sequences to describe events
- Social
- Concerns/sympathy for others when hurt
- Has best friend
- Has bladder control
- Engages in imaginative play
- Observes play rules
- Eats skilfully with little help
- Dressing undressing without help
What are the normal HR, RR and systolic BP in children?
What are the protective reflexes?
- Neck righting = keep head perpendicular
- 4 months → preparing for sitting and falling
- Parachute = arms in front to protect head from fall
- 9 months → preparing for walking and potentially falling
