Paediatric Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal development milestones of a 12 months old?

A
  • Standing unsupported
  • Pincer grip
  • “Mama/Dada/No”
  • Fear strangers
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2
Q

What is the normal development milestones of a 18 months old?

A
  • Stack 2 blocks
  • Walk without help
  • Anxious separated from parent
  • Knows 6-12 words
  • Scribbles
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3
Q

What is the normal development milestones of a 2 years old?

A
  • Link 2 words into sentences
  • Understand 2-step commands
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4
Q

What is the normal development milestones of a 3 years old?

A
  • Use a tricycle
  • 3-word sentences
  • Constantly talk
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5
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A
  • Moro = startle reflex
    • Sudden drop → arms outstretched
  • Stepping
  • Rooting = turns head and sucks towards stimulus
  • Palmar & plantar grasp = if palm is touched the baby will grasp
  • Atonic neck = head turns if arm is extended
  • Babinski = toes up and spread
    • Opposite to adults
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6
Q

When do the primitive reflexes disappear?

A
  • 2 months = Stepping
  • 4 months = Rooting, Moro
  • 4-5 months = Grasping
  • 6-9 months = Babinski
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7
Q

In what order does gross motor skills develop?

A

Head to Toe

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8
Q

When do 50% of children develop head control and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 1 month
  • Upper limit = 4 months
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9
Q

When do 50% of children sit unsupported and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 8 months
  • Upper limit = 10 months
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10
Q

When do 50% of children stand with support and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 10 months
  • Upper limit = 12 months
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11
Q

When do 50% of children walk independently what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 12 months
  • Upper limit = 18 months
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12
Q

When do 50% of children fix and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 6 weeks
  • Upper limit = 3 months
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13
Q

When do 50% of reach and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 4 months
  • Upper limit = 6 months
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14
Q

When do 50% of children transfer and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 7 months
  • Upper limit = 9 months
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15
Q

When do 50% of children polysyllabic babble and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A

Bababababa or Lalalalala

  • 50% = 5 months
  • Upper limit = 7 months
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16
Q

What is the upper age limit of development for consonant babble?

A
  • 10 months
17
Q

What is the upper age limit of development for saying 6 words with meaning?

A
  • 18 months
18
Q

What is the upper age limit of development for joining words?

A
  • 2 years
19
Q

What is the upper age limit of development for 3 word sentences?

A
  • 2.5 years
20
Q

When do 50% of children smile and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 6 weeks
  • Upper limit = 8 weeks
21
Q

When do 50% of children fear strangers and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 7 months
  • Upper limit = 10 months
22
Q

What is the upper age limit of development for 3 word sentences?

A
  • 18 months
23
Q

When do 50% of children fear strangers and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 7 months
  • Upper limit = 10 months
24
Q

When do 50% of children show interactive play and follow and what is the upper limit of development?

A
  • 50% = 2.5-3 years
  • Upper limit = 3-3.5 years
25
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 6 week old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Good head control - raise head to 45° when on tummy
    • Stabilise head when raised to sitting
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Tracks object/faces
  • Speech / Language
    • Stills
    • Startles at loud noises
  • Social
    • Social smile - visual problem if not
26
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 6 month old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Sit without support with rounded back
    • Rolls from tummy to back - vice versa slightly later
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Palmar grasp
    • Transfer hand to hand
  • Speech / Language
    • Turns head to loud noises
    • Understands “bye bye” / “no”
    • Babbles - monosyllabic
  • Social
    • Puts objects to mouth - stops at 1 year
    • Shakes rattle
    • Reaches for bottle / breast
27
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 12 month old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Walks alone - 9-18 months
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Can stack 2 blocks
    • Neat pincer grip
    • Casting blocks
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of nouns
    • 3 words
    • Points to own body parts
  • Social
    • Waves “bye bye”
    • Hand clapping
    • Plays alone if familiar person nearby
    • Drinks from beaker with lid
28
Q

What is the threshold for worry if a child can’t walk along and what are the potential diagnosis?

A

18 months

  • Duchenne’s MD
  • Hip problems
  • Cerebral palsy
29
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 18 month old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Runs - 16 months
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Draws to and fro
    • Stacks 4 blocks
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of nouns
    • 1 to 6 different words
    • Points to body parts on a doll
  • Social
    • Imitates every day activities
30
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 2 year old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Runs on tiptoes
    • Walks upstairs - both feet on each step
    • Throws ball at shoulder level
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Draws a vertical straight line
    • Stacks 8 blocks
    • Puzzle
      • >2yrs = shape matching
      • <2yrs = randond effort
    • Turns several pages of book at a time
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of verbs
    • 50+ word vocabulary
    • 2 words joined together
31
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 2 and a half year old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Kicks ball
    • Jumping
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Draws a horizontal straight line
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of prepositions in and on
    • 3 to 4 words joined together
  • Social
    • Eats skilfully with spoon
32
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 3 year old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Hops on one foot for 3 steps
    • Walks upstairs - one foot per step
    • Walk downstairs - two feet per step
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Draws a circle
    • Creates a bridge with blocks
    • Can perform single cuts with scissors
    • Uses Griffiths beads
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of adjectives
    • Understands negatives
  • Social
    • Begins to share toys with friends
    • Plays alone without parents
    • Eats with fork and spoon
    • Bowel control
33
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 3 and half year old?

A
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Can cut papers into pieces using scissors
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of comparatives
34
Q

What are the MRCPCH Developmental Milestones for a 4 year old?

A
  • Gross motor
    • Walks upstairs and downstairs in adult manner
  • Fine motor / Vision
    • Draws a cross, square (4.5) and triangle or person (5)
    • Creates steps with blocks
    • Can stack 12 blocks
    • Can cut paper in half with scissors
    • Uses small beads
  • Speech / Language
    • Shows understanding of complex instructions
    • Uses complex narrative/sequences to describe events
  • Social
    • Concerns/sympathy for others when hurt
    • Has best friend
    • Has bladder control
    • Engages in imaginative play
    • Observes play rules
    • Eats skilfully with little help
    • Dressing undressing without help
35
Q

What are the normal HR, RR and systolic BP in children?

A
36
Q

What are the protective reflexes?

A
  • Neck righting = keep head perpendicular
    • 4 months → preparing for sitting and falling
  • Parachute = arms in front to protect head from fall
    • 9 months → preparing for walking and potentially falling