Paediatric dermatology Flashcards
How can you catch chickenpox?
from close contact with a person with chickenpox or shingles
Can you catch shingles?
no - it is a reactivation of the varicella zoster virus
What medication should not be given in chickenpox and why?
ibuprofen/NSAIDs
increases risk of scarring and varicella pneumonitis
When do strawberry haemangiomas present?
in first month of life - not usually present at birth
Treatment of strawberry haemangiomas
usually not needed
propranolol if airway, near eyes or nappy area
Describe erythema toxicum neonatorum
neonatal period
raised yellow vesicles on erythematous base
completely benign
settles in a few weeks
Why is it important to know if a expecting mother has a primary herpes simplex infection?
can pass to baby during delivery
can disseminate to multiple organs of baby
Herpes simplex infection of baby treatment
urgent IV aciclovir
Naevus simplex other names
salmon patch
stork bite
What causes naevus simplex?
delay in maturation of skin cells during embryonic development - dermal capillary dilatation
What causes milia?
dead skin cells get trapped under skin and form tiny cysts
Baby acne treatment
benzoyl peroxide or erythromycin gel
generally only treated if nodules or cysts present as these will scar
Mongolian blue spot proper name
congenital dermal melanocytosis
Describe measles rash
maculopapular
begins behind ears
Measles prodrome
coryza
fever
conjunctivitis
Measles complications
encephalitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Measles characteristic lesions
koplik spots on buccal mucosa
Chicken pox rash
papules which progress to vesicles
infectious from 2 days before rash until all vesicles crusted over
Hand foot and mouth causative organism
Coxsackie
Molluscum contagiosum cause
poxvirus
How long does it take molluscum contagiosum to clear?
up to 2 years
Slapped cheek alternative names
fifths disease
parvovirus B 19
Slapped cheek presentation
fever
runny nose
sore throat
headache
aplastic crises in haemolytic anaemia
Guttate psoriasis commonly follows what infection?
streptococcus
Guttate psoriasis management
can leave if not bothering pt - will clear
can come back if further strep infection
can treat as plaque psoriasis (emollient, steroid, topical vit D)
What causes staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
exotoxins produced by staphylococcus break down desmoglein 1
desmoglein 1 holds epidermis and dermis together
therefore breakdown of this causes separation of skin through the granular cell layer
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome treatment
IV antibiotics
Neurofibromatosis skin lesions
cafe au lait spots
axillary freckling
neurofibromas
lisch nodules
Tuberous sclerosis skin lesions
adenoma sebaceum
shagreen patches
ash leaf patches
Other features (other than skin) of tuberous sclerosis
polycystic kidneys
infantile spasms
epilepsy
learning difficulty
Sturge-Weber syndrome features
port wine stain (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve)
leptomeningeal angiomas
associated with epilepsy, learning difficulty and hemiplegia
Describe epidermolysis bullosa
a group of rare, inherited skin disorders that cause the skin to become fragile and blister easily from minor trauma or friction
epidermis and dermis not adequately attached so minor trauma causes separation
increased risk of skin cancer due to chronic inflammation
reduced life expectancy due to infections
What antibiotics can be used as chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of a patient with meningococcal septicaemia?
rifampicin
ciprofloxacin
Henoch schonlein purpura presentation
palpable purpura on buttocks and extensor surfaces
no fever
child systemically well
joint pain
joint swelling
abdominal pain
glomerulonephritis
Complications of HSP
IgA nephropathy
renal failure
HSP investigations
urinalysis - blood and protein
BP
Which children with ITP need treatment?
those who are bleeding
ITP treatment if indicated
steroids
IVIG
When can children with ITP resume contact sports?
when platelets >50
