Introduction to developmental milestones Flashcards
What are the 4 developmental domains?
gross motor
vision + fine motor
hearing, speech + language
social, emotional + behavioural
What is median age when referring to developmental milestones?
age when half of a population of children achieve that skill
What is red flag age when referring to developmental milestones?
age by which a developmental milestone should have been achieved
failure to meet a red flag age is a prompt for a more detailed assessment to determine if investigation or intervention is required
When is age correcting for prematurity no longer required?
after 2 years as number of weeks of prematurity no longer represents a significant proportion of the child’s life
How to calculate corrected age?
chronological age - how premature they were
Name some primitive reflexes
placing reflex (stepping on a surface)
palmar grasp
rooting reflex (turns head of touched near mouth)
sucking reflex
asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) (fencing posture on turning head to one side)
Moro reflex
What should a 6 month old be able to do?
roll
sit without support
holds object in palmar grasp
transfers toys between hands
says ‘da’
What should a 12 month old be able to do?
just learnt to walk independently
points to objects with index finger
pincer grip
uses a couple of single words
drinks from a cup
What should a 2 year old be able to do?
walk and run
kick a ball
2-3 word sentences
knows body parts
helps with undressing
feeds with fork and spoon
tantrums when frustrated
Limit age for no responsive smile
8 weeks
Limit age for not achieved good eye contact
3 months
Limit age for not reaching for objects
5 months
Limit age for not sitting unsupported
9 months
Limit age for not walking unaided
18 months
Limit age for not saying single words with meaning
18 months
Limit age for no 2 or 3 word sentences
30 months
What is meant by red flags in developmental assessment?
ongoing disease process amenable to treatment
delay in treatment leads to poorer outcomes
Red flags in child development
visual impairment
early, severe motor delay
regression (significant, functional)
What is meant by amber flags in developmental assessment?
optimise developmental environment
access drop-in or self-referral services
watchful waiting a valid strategy
take concerns seriously
Language amber flags in child development
failure to respond normally
no interest in communicating
no babbling by 12 months
no first words by 15 months
no consistent words by 18 months
no word combinations by 30 months
strangers having problems understanding speech by 36 months
Motor amber flags in child development
no rolling by 9 months
no unsupported sitting by 10 months
no independent steps by 18 months
no running by 2 years
no pincer grip by 2 years
no jumping by 3 years
Social amber flags in child development
<1 year: no eye contact
2 years: no pointing, showing
3 years: object play only
4 years: no sharing, toileting
5 years: no friends, no concept of rules
