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3a > Paed:Derm/Allergy > Flashcards

Paed:Derm/Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Eczema?/

A

Genetic susceptibility
Immune dysregulation
Allergen sensitisation
Infection

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2
Q

What causes flare ups of eczema?

A 
Dry skin
Irritants
infection
sweating/heat
emotional stress
allergies
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3
Q

Clinical features of eczema?

A

Pruritus
Ertythematous and weeping skin - acute
Lynchinified and dry skin - chronic
Secondary changes: Excoriation, excess hyperpigmentation

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4
Q

Where is Eczema?

A

infants: cheeks, elbows, knees
childhood: flexures: wrists, ankles
adult: flexural: head, neck, nipples, palms, soles

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5
Q

diagnosis of eczema?

A

Clinical
increased IgE in plasma
Skin prick test
radioallergosorbent test?

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6
Q

Management of eczema?

A 
Avoid irritants and precipitants
Topical corticosteroids 
Mild: Hydrocortisone
Moderate: Clobetasone
Severe: Mometasone
Emollients
Immunomodulators
Occlusive bandages
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7
Q

What is Steven Johnson syndrome?

A

Vague URT symtpoms occur 2-3 weeks after starting a drug and 2-3 days before a rash.

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8
Q

Signs of Steven Johnson syndrome?

A

Painful erythematous macules, evolving to form target lesions
Severe mucosal ulceration of at least two surfaces

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9
Q

Signs of urticaria?

A

Itchy ertythematous wheals that move around, appear rapidly after drug exposure +/- angioedema/anaphylaxis.
IgE mediated.

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10
Q

Treatment of urticaria?

A

Antihistamines

IV hydrocortisone / adrenaline if anaphylaxis

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11
Q

What is allergic rhintis?

A

Hayfever.

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12
Q

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A 
nasal congestion
itching
sneezing and discharge
mouth breathing
cough
watery red eyes
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13
Q

Investigations for allergic rhinitis?

A

Skin tests for specific antigens

Specific serum IGE measurements

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14
Q

Treatment of allergic rhinits?

A

Avoid allergen eg. dust covers on bedding, stuffed toys, grass.
Sx relief: antihistamines and intranasal steroids

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15
Q

What is anaphylaxis/

A

extreme clinical example of immediate hypersensitivity reacton. type 1

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16
Q

Symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

Skin: Urticaria, angioedema
Resp: Acute airway obstruction w/laryngeal oedema and bronchospasm
GI: Severe abdo cramps and diarrhoea
Systemic: Hypotension and shock

17
Q

Causes of anaphylaxis?

A

Drugs: Penicillin and aspirin
Injections: Radiographic contrast dyes
Stings, bites and venom
Foods: Shellfish, nuts, peanuts and eggs

18
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis?

A 
ABC
Adrenaline
Salbutamol
Antihistamines
Steroid: IV methylprednisolone

3a (25 decks)

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