PAD

Question 1

What is strongly linked to peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Answer 1

Smoking

Patients who still smoke should be given help to quit smoking.

Question 2

What comorbidities should be treated in patients with PAD?

Answer 2

• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity

Treating comorbidities is essential for managing PAD.

Question 3

What medication is recommended for all patients with established cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

Statin

Atorvastatin 80 mg is currently recommended.

Question 4

What did NICE publish in 2010 regarding antiplatelet therapy for PAD?

Answer 4

Clopidogrel should be used first-line in preference to aspirin

This guidance applies to patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Question 5

What type of exercise program does NICE recommend for patients with PAD?

Answer 5

Supervised exercise programme

This is recommended prior to other interventions.

Question 6

What are the treatment options for severe PAD or critical limb ischaemia?

Answer 6

• Endovascular revascularization
• Surgical revascularization
• Amputation (as a last resort)

Specific techniques include angioplasty, stent placement, bypass, and endarterectomy.

Question 7

What is typically used for short segment stenosis in PAD?

Answer 7

Endovascular techniques

This includes procedures for aortic iliac disease and high-risk patients.

Question 8

What are the surgical techniques used for long segment lesions in PAD?

Answer 8

• Surgical bypass with an autologous vein or prosthetic material
• Endarterectomy

These techniques are used for lesions greater than 10 cm and multifocal lesions.

Question 9

When should amputation be considered in PAD patients?

Answer 9

For patients with critical limb ischaemia who are not suitable for other interventions

This includes cases where angioplasty or bypass surgery is not possible.

Question 10

What drug is a vasodilator sometimes used for patients with PAD?

Answer 10

Naftidrofuryl oxalate

It is used for patients with a poor quality of life.

Question 11

What is cilostazol and what effects does it have?

Answer 11

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with both antiplatelet and vasodilator effects

It is not recommended by NICE.

Question 12

What condition is characterized by intermittent claudication?

Answer 12

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Intermittent claudication is pain or cramping in the legs during physical activities due to inadequate blood flow.

Question 13

What is Naftidrofuryl?

Answer 13

A 5-HT2 receptor antagonist

Naftidrofuryl is used to improve blood flow in patients with conditions like PVD.

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of Naftidrofuryl?

Answer 14

Causes vasodilation

Vasodilation increases blood flow to ischaemic tissues, helping alleviate symptoms.

Question 15

True or False: Naftidrofuryl decreases blood flow to ischaemic tissues.

Answer 15

False

Naftidrofuryl increases blood flow to ischaemic tissues.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Naftidrofuryl is a _______ receptor antagonist.

Answer 16

5-HT2

This class of receptor antagonists is involved in various physiological processes, including vasodilation.