murmur Flashcards
What is Ejection systolic?
A type of heart sound that occurs during systole
Often associated with aortic stenosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
When is Ejection systolic louder?
Louder on expiration
This characteristic helps differentiate it from other murmurs
What conditions are associated with Ejection systolic?
- Aortic stenosis
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Atrial septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
These conditions can produce similar heart sounds
What is Holosystolic (pansystolic)?
A type of murmur that occurs throughout systole
Characterized by a continuous sound
What conditions are associated with Holosystolic murmurs?
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Ventricular septal defect
Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation have different characteristics
What is the sound character of mitral/tricuspid regurgitation?
High-pitched and ‘blowing’ in character
This distinguishes it from other types of murmurs
How does tricuspid regurgitation change with respiration?
Becomes louder during inspiration
This is due to increased venous blood flow into the right atrium and ventricle
What happens to stroke volume during inspiration?
Increases in the right ventricle
This is due to increased venous return
What characterizes a ventricular septal defect murmur?
Harsh in character
It is a type of holosystolic murmur
What is a Late systolic murmur?
A type of murmur that occurs late in systole
Often associated with mitral valve prolapse and coarctation of the aorta
What is an Early diastolic murmur?
A type of murmur that occurs early in diastole
Characterized by high-pitched sounds
What conditions are associated with Early diastolic murmurs?
- Aortic regurgitation
- Graham-Steel murmur (pulmonary regurgitation)
Both are high-pitched and ‘blowing’ in character
What is a Mid-late diastolic murmur?
A type of murmur that occurs mid to late in diastole
Typically has a ‘rumbling’ character
What conditions are associated with Mid-late diastolic murmurs?
- Mitral stenosis
- Austin-Flint murmur (severe aortic regurgitation)
Both are characterized by a ‘rumbling’ sound
What is a Continuous machine-like murmur?
A type of murmur that sounds continuous
Often associated with patent ductus arteriosus
What does RILE stand for in relation to murmurs?
Right-sided murmur → heard best on Inspiration
Left-sided murmur → heard best on Expiration
This mnemonic helps remember the respiratory influences on heart sounds
