loop diuretucs Flashcards
What are furosemide and bumetanide?
Loop diuretics that act by inhibiting the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
How do loop diuretics reduce the absorption of NaCl?
By inhibiting the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Which variant of NKCC do loop diuretics act on?
NKCC2, which is more prevalent in the kidneys
Where must loop diuretics be filtered to exert their effect?
Into the tubules by the glomerulus
What may patients with poor renal function require when taking loop diuretics?
Escalating doses to ensure a sufficient concentration is achieved within the tubules
What is an indication for the use of loop diuretics in heart failure?
Both acute (usually intravenously) and chronic (usually orally)
In which condition are loop diuretics particularly indicated?
Resistant hypertension, particularly in patients with renal impairment
List three adverse effects of loop diuretics.
- Hypotension
- Hyponatraemia
- Hypokalaemia
What is a less common adverse effect of loop diuretics compared to thiazides?
Hyperglycaemia
Fill in the blank: Loop diuretics can cause _______ due to dehydration and direct toxic effect.
renal impairment
True or False: Loop diuretics can cause ototoxicity.
True
What metabolic disturbance is associated with loop diuretics?
Hypochloraemic alkalosis
List two electrolyte disturbances caused by loop diuretics.
- Hypokalaemia
- Hypomagnesaemia
What is a potential effect of loop diuretics on calcium levels?
Hypocalcaemia
What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics?
Inhibition of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
