Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOS Final > Packet 4 Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Packet 4 Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

T-F–the female reproductive system consists of only internal organs?

A

False–external genitalia too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The reproductive organs in the female are incompletely developed in the newborn until what?

A

gonadotrophic hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis signal in puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the female, what is puberty marked by?

A

onset of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 signs are given that signal functional maturity of the female reproductive organs in the first menstrual cycle?

A
  1. release of mature oocyte
  2. Providing a suitable environment for implantation
  3. producing steroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What produces the female germ cell?

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main production site of estrogen and progesterone?

A

the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the site of fertilization?

A

The uterine tube

[fallopian tube/oviduct—>passageway for transfer of the oocyte]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the site of implantation for the the fertilized oocyte?

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the lowest portion of the uterus called?

A

cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are the mammary glands closely related in physiology and function with the cycle changes of the female reproductive tract?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are the ovaries covered in peritoneum?>

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ovaries held in position by? Where is the blood supply carried in?

A
  1. ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament

2. suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 histological components of the ovary?

A
  1. germinal epithelium
  2. tunica albuginea
  3. cortex
  4. medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The germinal epithelium is composed of what tissue type?

A

simple squamous to cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the dense connective tissue capsule below the germinal epithelium in the ovary?

A

Tunica Albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What ovary portion contains the many follicles?

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the innermost layer of the ovary? what type of CT?

A

medulla, loose connective tissues [and blood vessels from suspensory log]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 functions of the ovary?

A
  1. oogenesis
  2. follicular development
  3. Ovulation
  4. steroidogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does production of the female gametes begin?

A

in the 1st month of embryonic life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primordial germ cells migrate from the _______ into gonadal ridges that develop along the intermediate mesoderm to form _______ in the primitive gonads?

A

yolk sac,

sex cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The primitive gonads are associated with what primitive duct?

A

mesonephric duct

[and alongside it the paramesonephric ducts]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The sex cords form clusters within the primitive gonad and each germ cell is surrounded by what to form what?

A

surrounded by follicular epithelium to create a primordial follicle

[there are more than 7 million oogonia in the developing ovary at 20 weeks]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

As the ovary descends and the mesonephric ducts degenerate…what forms the uterine tube and uterine canal?

A

paramesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At what meiosis phase are oogonia halted at?what are they called? How long do they remain here?

A

prophase I— primary oocytes—until puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Are primary oocytes gradually lost? what is this called?

A

Yes

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are ovarian follicles found? and what do they contain

A

ovarian cortex

-an oocyte surrounded by follicular epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the development of ovarian follicles regulated by? what triggers ovulation?

A

follicle stimulating hormone triggers a number of primary oocytes to re-commence meiosis[adenohypophysis]

Luteinizing hormone [day 14]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 2 types of primary follicle?

A

early stage unilaminar

and late stage multilaminar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the characteristics of unilaminar primary follicle?

A
  • simple cuboidal follicular cells
  • zona pellucid between oocyte and follicular cells
  • primary oocyte is arrested in prophase I
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the characteristics of the multi laminar oocyte?

A
  1. follicular cells form stratified cuboidal layer called stratum granulosum
  2. CT organize around and form theca follicle
  3. primary oocyte is arrested in prophase I
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the characteristics of primordial follicles?

A

single squamous layer surrounding oocyte and arrested in prophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The secondary follicle is characterized by what?

A

development of an antrum in the stratum granulosum filled with liquor folliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the theca follicle differentiate into in the secondary follicle?

A

theca interna and theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the theca interna composed of?

A

endocrine cells that produce androstenedione in response to LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is androstenedione

A

male sex hormone converted to estradiol by cells in the zone granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does estradiol do to follicle?

A

causes zona granulosa to proliferate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the theca extern composed of

A

mainly CT and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In the tertiary graafian follicle are their many granulosa cells that connect the oocyte to the follicle? what is this called?

A

No

cumulus oophorus

40
Q

What is the thin layer of granulosa cells left surrounding the oocyte called in the tertiary follicle?

A

corona radiata

41
Q

A LH surge in day 13 triggers what to take place in the Graafian follicle?

A

oocyte to complete meiosis I and form a secondary oocyte which continues to meiosis II until its halted in MII

42
Q

When will the oocyte finish metaphase II?

A

only if fertilized by spermatozoon

43
Q

In the menstrual cycle, when are blood estradiol levels the highest?

A

day 13 as a result of the secretions from the theca intern of the Graafian follicle

44
Q

What are the 2 main consequences of the estradiol surge?

A

Inhibits FSH

Triggers LH surge

45
Q

What does inhibiting of FSH cause?

A

Prevents further development of follicles

46
Q

What does LH secretion cause?

A
  • primary oocyte to complete meiosis one and form secondary oocyte
  • secondary oocyte to go until MII
  • induces ovulation of the secondary oocyte from surface
47
Q

After ovulation, what does the remainder of the Graafian follicle do?

A

acts as a temporary endocrine gland to support the uterine endometrium

48
Q

The corpus lutein is initially a blood clot and collapsed follicle when the wall reorganizes, what are the two cell types?

A

granulosa lutein cells

Theca lutein cells

49
Q

Granulosa lutein cells produce what?

A
  • -progesterone

- -converts androgens produced by theca lutein into estrogens

50
Q

What does theca lutein cells produce?

A

progesterone and androgens

51
Q

What maintains the corpus luteum if fertilization and implantation takes place?

A

human Chorionic Gonadotophin [hCG] produced by the placenta

52
Q

In the absence of hCG, what does the corpus luteum degenerate to?

A
  • corpus albicans
  • [estrogen and progesterone levels drop]

can be called white body

53
Q

What does the mucosa layer of the uterine tube consist of?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium (and lamina propria) with non-ciliated (peg) cells and ciliated cells

54
Q

What do the Peg cells secrete? what does it do?

A

glycoprotein and nutrient secretion to nourish ova and promotes sprematozoa capacitation

55
Q

What is the muscularis layer of the uterine tube like?

A

poorly defined inner circular/outer longitudinal

56
Q

Does the uterine tube have serosa?

A

yes

57
Q

What are the 4 regions of the uterine tube?

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural

58
Q

What receives the blastocyst from the intramural region of the uterine tube?

A

uterus

59
Q

What is the outer layer of the uterus? what is it composed of?

A

perimetrium

CT covered with a peritoneal mesothelium serosa [???for some reason I don’t think it covers the entire uterus???]

60
Q

What is the thickest layer of the uterus? what is it composed of

A

myometrium

4 poorly defined layers of smooth muscle

61
Q

What is the mucosal lining of the uterus? what tissue type is it?

A

endometrium–simple columnar epithelium

[extends into the extensive lamina propria to form branched tubular uterine glands]

62
Q

The endometrium mucosa has two regions?

A
  1. Stratum functionalis

2. stratum basale

63
Q

What endometrium mucosa layer is subject to cyclic growth, degeneration and loss of tissue under hormonal control?

A

stratum functionalis

64
Q

What endometrium mucosa layer is retained during menstruation and is responsible for regeneration of the other layer?

A

stratum basale

65
Q

Is the stratum functionalis or stratum basale supplied by spiral arteries?

A

functionalis

stratum basale has straight arteries

[BOTH BRANCH FROM THE RADIAL BRANCHES OF THE ARCUATE ARTERIES IN THE MYOMETRIUM}

66
Q

If the oocyte is not fertilized and not implanted what happens?

A

Hormone hCG is not produced as a result the corpus luteum ceases to make progesterone and turns into the corpus albicans

67
Q

What arteries constrict and make the stratum functional is becomes ischemic during the menstrual phase? what ensues?

A

spiral arteries—>necrosis of the functionalis ensues and is sloughed off

68
Q

Increased estrogen levels stimulate growth and renewal of what in the proliferative phase?

A

stratum functionalis

69
Q

When does the luteal or secretory phase commence? in response to what?

A

After ovulation in response to secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum

70
Q

Increased progesterone levels cause epithelial cells to accumulate large amounts of what?

A

glycogen

71
Q

Are the glands in the secretory phase straight or tortuous? other characteristics?

A

tortuous [ with wide lumens filled with carbohydrate secretions]

72
Q

What are the 4 main layers of the uterine cervix?

A
  1. endocervical mucosa
  2. cervical stroma
  3. Ectocervical mucosa
  4. Transformation zone
73
Q

What is the endocervical mucosa lined with?

A

mucus secreting simple columnar epithelium

74
Q

The cervical glands change their secretions of change during cycle…what are the differences?

A

ovulation= serous for sperm passage

pregnancy= viscous to prevent microbes

75
Q

Cervical glands that are blocked and are called what?

A

nabothian cysts

76
Q

What is the make up of the cervical stroma?

A

dense CT interwoven with smooth muscle

77
Q

What facilitates dilation in the cervix?

A

relaxin inducing lysis of collagen in the cervix

78
Q

The ectocervical mucosa is lined with what?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

79
Q

What is the 3 layers of the vagina?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. muscularis
  3. adventitia
80
Q

What do the epithelial cells of the vagina store in response to estrogen in the bloodstream? what does this lead to?

A

glycogen—> glycogen is released from cells as they are sloughed of and natural bacterial flora metabolize it to form lactic acid and result in the pH lowering for protection

81
Q

T-F–the mammary glands are modified apocrine sweat glands that develop from the invagination of surface ectoderm?

A

true

82
Q

What 2 structures in mammary development come from the invagination of epithelium?

A
  1. epithelial pit (nipple)

2. branches within the underlying mesenchyme (lactiferous sinuses)

83
Q

Are the pre-pubescent lactiferous sinuses short or long?

A

Short

84
Q

Increased estrogen levels during puberty cause lactiferous sinuses to do what?

A

grow and branch to form sparse collections of tubuloacinar glands
[also associated with significant fat deposition]

85
Q

The inactive (non-pregnant) breast has what characteristics?

A

consists of 15-20 lobes separated by loose CT attaching to the dermis.

86
Q

The lactiferous sinus has what type of lining?

A

stratified cuboidal lined

[lobules are simple cuboidal lined]

87
Q

What does oxytocin cause to produce milk let down?

A
  • myoepithelial cells surrounding acini to contract

- smooth muscle surrounding ducts

88
Q

In embryological development the trophoblasts form a mass of cytoplasm that invades the endometrium, what is this called? what are the cells called that don’t invade?

A

syncytiotrophoblast

cytotrophoblast

89
Q

What are the vacuoles called that appear in the syncytiotrophoblast?

A

lacunae

90
Q

What forms between the cytotrophoblasts and the embryo proper?

A

extraembryonic mesoderm

91
Q

Continued invasion of the endometrium by the syncytiotrophoblasts erodes maternal blood vessels and causes formation of what?

A

blood flow into the lacunae forming MATERNAL BLOOD LAKE

92
Q

What forms when extensions of the cytotrophoblast protrude into the surrounding syncytiotrophoblast?

A

Primary chorionic villi

93
Q

What protrudes into the primary chorionic villi converting them to secondary chorionic villi?

A

extensions of extra embryonic mesoderm—-> becomes vascularized to form fetal capillaries

94
Q

What is the term used to describe the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy? what are the 3 components?

A

Decidua

  1. Decidua basalis
  2. Decidua Capsularis
  3. Decidua Parietalis
95
Q

What are the 2 components of the chorion?

A

chorion laeve–smooth part in contact with decidua capsularis

chorion frondosum- part next to decidua basalis

96
Q

The placental barrier occurs where>

A

between the decidua basalis and the embryonic blood vessels within the chorionic frondosum

HOS Final (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions