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AP > Package 4 > Flashcards

Package 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the glands in the body that are exclusively endocrine

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal

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2
Q

Name the type of hormones that are stored and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland

A 
Human growth hormone
Prolactin
Gonadotropins
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
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3
Q

What are the two types of gonadotrophins

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

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4
Q

Where is melatonin stored in the body?

A

Pineal gland

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5
Q

What hormones are stored and secreted in the posterior pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone

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6
Q

What hormone is stored in the parathyroid hormone?

A

PTH-Parathormone

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7
Q

What hormones are stored in secreted in the thyroid?

A

Thyroxine T4
Triiodothyronine T3
Calcitonin CT

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8
Q

What hormones are produced by the adrenal gland

A

Cortex

Glucocorticoids: cortisol
Mineralocorticoid: Aldosterone
Androgens: dehydroepiandrosterone

Medulla

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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9
Q

What separates the two testees in the scrotum?

A

Dartos mm

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10
Q

Where does sperm production occurs in the testicles?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

What is the name for the interstitial cells in the testes?

A

Leydig

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12
Q

What hormone stimulates which cells to produce testosterone?

A

Luteinizing hormone stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone

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13
Q

Describe the path of sperm and fluid in the male genitalia

A 
Straight tubules 
Rete testis
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra (Prosthetic, membranous, penile spongy)
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14
Q

Where can you find the arteries and scenes as well as nerves and lymphatic vessels in the genitalia of a male?

A

Spermatic cord

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15
Q

Where can you find the cremaster muscle?

A

Spermatic cord

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16
Q

Where does sperm mature?

A

Epididymis

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17
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male genitalia?

A

Seminal vesicle, bulbourethra gland, Prostate gland

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18
Q

What is another name for the bulbourethral glands

A

Cowpers glands

19
Q

What ligaments support the ovaries?

A

Broad, ovarian, suspensory

20
Q

What is another name for a mature folicule in the female reproductive system?

A

Graafian

21
Q

What is another name for the vulva and what structures does it include?

A

The vulva a.k.a. pudendum, includes all female external genitalia; mons pubis, labia minor, labia majora, clitoris, vestibule

22
Q

What structures are part of the vestibule of the Vulva

A

Hymen, vaginal orifice, external urethral orifice, openings of ducts of several glands

23
Q

What gland in the female genitalia produces mucus during sexual arousal to provide lubrication?

A

Greater vestibular a.k.a. Bartholin’s glands

24
Q

Name the three ovarian cycle phases

A

Follicular, ovulation, luteal

25
Q

Name the four phases of the uterine cycle

A

Menstrual, pre-ovulatory/proliferative, ovulation, postovulatory

26
Q

What does the term menarche mean

A

Beginning of menstruation at puberty

27
Q

What hormone promotes the increase in basal metabolic rate?

A

Thyroid hormone

28
Q

What hormones are produced and secreted by the ovaries?

A

Estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and inhibin

29
Q

What does chromaffin cells secrete

A

Norepinephrine

30
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone stimulates a gland in the abdominal cavity to secrete cortisol?

A

The gland is the adrenal gland, and The hormone responsible is adrenocorticotropic hormone

31
Q

Name some cardinal signs of diabetes Mellitus

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Too much urine, Excessive thirst, and excessive hunger

32
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone does not target another endocrine gland?

A

Growth hormone

33
Q

What organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natiruetic peptide Aka ANP

A

The heart

34
Q

What is the most important mineralocorticoid regulator of the electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluid?

A

Aldosterone

35
Q

What is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood?

A

Parathyroid hormone

36
Q

What is a group of lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol?

A

Steroids

37
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone?

A

Luteinizing hormone

38
Q

What would be the result of a hyposecretion of aldosterone?

A

Dehydration

39
Q

What blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

A

Insulin

40
Q

What disease is caused due to excessive secretion of the thyroid gland?

A

Graves’ disease

41
Q

The human papilloma virus is a major risk factor associated with cancer of watch structure?

A

Cervix

42
Q

What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus

A

Uterine a.k.a. fallopian tubes

43
Q

What is the difference between the dartos muscle and the detrusor muscle

A

The dartos muscle separates the scrotal sacs and the detrusor muscle helps in urination

AP (5 decks)

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