pack 8- carbohydrates Flashcards
monosaccharides
glucose
fructose
galactose
disaccharides
lactose
maltose
sucrose
polysaccharides
glycogen
starch
cellulose
functions of monosaccharides
glucose- respiration
fructose- seed dispersal
galactose- found in milk
disaccharide components
lactose- galactose and glucose
sucrose- fructose and glucose
maltose- glucose and glucose
what elements make up crabohydrates
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
general formula of carbohydrates
(CH2O)n
what are al biological molecules made up of
monomers
difference between glucose and galactose strucuture
the OH on carbons 1 & 4 are on opposite sides
why are monosaccharides rapid energy sources
readily absorbed
little to no change
why are monosaccharides soluble
Oh groups can form H bonds with water
how are diaccharides fromed
condensation reactions
how are disaccharides broken down
hydrolysis
what bond is formed when disaccharides are made
glycosidic bonds
which organisms store glycogen
bacteria, fungi, animalsi
which organisms store starch
plants
where is glycogen stored in animals
muscle and liver
why is numerous side branches important?
which polysaccharides have them?
amylopectin and glycogen
rapidly hydrolysed
different types of starch
describe each
amylose and amylopectin
amylose- coiled, 1,4 glycosidic bonds
amylopectin- branched 1,4 and 1.6 glycosidic bonds
which types of glucose is each polysaccharide made of
glycogen & starch- alpha glucose
cellulose- beta glucose
what does cellulose do
stored in plants to strengthen cell wall
which bonds does glycogen have
1,4 &1,6
which bonds does cellulose have
1,4