Pacification Flashcards
Last frontier
Mindanao
According to Neocleous __is the process of the production of social relations and institutions in place of existing forms of social organization
Pacification
most often labelled as an island of
rampant religious based conflicts
Mindanao
communist insurgency movement that has recently increased its attacks on Del Monte and other plantations
New People’s Army
often overlooked component in this analysis is the access to arable land as a motivation for conflict.
Vellema
is perhaps the most comprehensive narration and analysis of Bukidnon’s history and society
Ronald Edgerton
has had the most specific analysis of Del Monte’s plantation to date
Roel Ravanera
Cebuano term meaning native or indigenous
Lumad
term used by the IPs to refer to their northern Catholic/Christian neighbors
Dumagats or coastal lowlanders
People of the Middle ground
Bukidnon IPs
provides valuable evidence of American state builders who were very conscious of similar initiatives by the Dutch, British and French in Java, Malaya and Indochina.
Donna Amoroso
argues that the use of “benevolent” was ostensibly an indication that there were other assimilations that were not.
Kramer
In the case of the Philippines, the most powerful and flexible hierarchy was
Race
who assured President McKinley that: “Our little brown brothers’ would need ‘fifty or one hundred years’ of close supervision ‘to develop anything resembling Anglo-Saxon political principles and skills
William Howard Taft
There is far more difference between the Igorot of Benguet and the Tagalog of Manila than the latter and ourselves
Edith Moses
racial hierarchies permeated the American colonial state
and persisted in the socio-cultural psyche of post-independence Philippines in what Kramer calls the
Tribalization
In the eyes of the American colonial state, this trend warranted governance strategies of Muslim and pagan populations separate from that of the Christian
Dual task by Felix and Marie Keesing
Philippine constabulary
Kostables
in which the colonial state was actively involved in the transformation of the Filipino.
Strategy of Tutelage and Assimilation
native inhabitants of Mindanao lacked the intelligence, energy and capital to take advantage of Mindanao’s fertile land
Leonard Wood
CALPAK at the time, sent agricultural experts to the
Philippines to test sites at
Baguio and Cotabato
the establishment of the Philippine Packing Corporation, PHILPACK or PPC for short
January 11,1926
towns that were leased to Del Monte
Libona and Sumilao
first President of the PHILPAK (Del Monte Philippines), Harry White, directly approached ___ complaining that the land law was discouraging investment in the Philippines
Governor General Henry Stimson
that intended to, “reserve for the establishment of an agricultural colony…a large tract of land to be subdivided into appropriate sizes and to allow a corporation with sufficient capital to take up an area within the reservation
Alunan Plan of Secretary Rafeal Alunan
placed public domains under the colonial government for the “benefit of the inhabitants of the islands.
Philippine Bill of 1902 and Jones Act of 1916
the contributions of Del Monte to the Philippine economy such as: scale employment, liberal use of refined sugar, and scientific agriculture
Manuel Quezon
describe the strategy of colonial powers to integrate and assimilate these “wild” populations
Pacify
According to __ during the outset of the American period, early impressions of Mindanao of leaders and planners, characterized Mindanao as a place of “mystery, volatility and darkness.
Abinales
who point out that the Lumads were not completely isolated from the rest of the islands but had had centuries of contact, war and trade with the Muslim (Moro) populations to the South and the dumagat Chinese, Spanish and Visayan settlers along Mindanao’s Northern coast
Oona Paredes
loosely translates to, “away from water” or, “high plateau
Higaonon
implies that there was a need to reduce the anger or tensions of a group of people or in the case of a war, reduce a warring group to a submissive pacified state. A
Pacify
obtained the support of Bukidnons while hiding from the Americans.
Philippine General Nicolas Capistrano
would orchestrate similar instances like this such as the killing of an American official of the Bureau of Science
Tungud movement
notes is the goal of all states: “measure, codify and simplify land tenure.”
Scott
the colonial state would focus on the broader goal of, “winning hearts and minds.
Julian Go
programs emerged wherein select Bukidnons were chosen to study in Luzon-based institution
Pensionado
set a precedent for onerous techniques of land
acquisition, locally known as
Land grabbing
