modern principalia

Question 1

Right’ leaders

Answer 1

Saint Simon

Question 2

Scientific priesthood

Answer 2

Comte

Question 3

Leaders of social forces

Answer 3

Mosca

Question 4

Superior’ being

Answer 4

Pareto

Question 5

The men who occupy the institutional command posts

Answer 5

C. Wright Mills

Question 6

Ruling Class

Answer 6

Karl Marx

Question 7

shall be made to refer to those individuals who are ’holders of high positions in a given society

Answer 7

Elite

Question 8

is theoretically independent of the class concept.

Answer 8

Elite concept

Question 9

emphasizes the membership of an individual, who occupies a high position in the functional hierarchy, in a social class hierarchy.

Answer 9

socio-economic elite

Question 10

refers to the ’power holders of a body politics and includes the leadership and the social formations from which leaders typically come.

Answer 10

political elite

Question 11

The Initial policy of the Spaniards in consolidating their political control was the adoption of the

Answer 11

encomienda system.

Question 12

Under the encomienda system, vast areas of lands were apportioned among ’loyal and deserving’ Spaniards who became known as

Answer 12

encomenderos.

Question 13

were placed under the control of the encomenderos and were forced to pay tribute

Answer 13

Indios

Question 14

The Spaniards had to utilize force and religion.
Priest and soldier, cross and sword, were both employed.

Answer 14

Subjugation

Question 15

This ’service rendered by the encomenderos to the religious facilitated the ___- of the Filipinos. The friars concentrated first on the children of the datus and then on the datus themselves

Answer 15

conversion

Question 16

The Spaniards decided to utilize the members of the native upper class to assist the central government in administering the villages.

Answer 16

collaboration

Question 17

started to manifest itself as a definite settlement pattern when the Spaniards built their churches in centrally-located areas and wanted the Filipinos to be resettled ba.jo de campana (literally, ’under the bells’)

Answer 17

Cabecera complex or Philippine plaza complex

Question 18

As it developed in the Philippines, broadly means “boss rule”

Answer 18

Caciquism

Question 19

We find in the Philippine Island with two generally large elements :

Answer 19

1. Gente ilustrada, which is the cultivated class,
2. Gente ba.ja, or the subordinate class

Question 20

Governor of Ilocos Sur, described the masses as ’very docile and obedient to constituted authorities and so timid that, although they suffer vexation from the persons who exercise some authority in their towns, they seldom complain

Answer 20

Don Mena Crisologo

Question 21

the Spanish bishop of Vigan, a Dominican friar, said in a testimony before an American committee that ’the natives [caciques] are always prone to abuse their authority. If someone here is not above them [justifying priestly domination] they will abuse their authority all the time… They are terrible to their own people .

Answer 21

Don Joaquin Ortega

Question 22

described caciquismo as the ’subjection of the ordinary uneducated Filipino to boss or master who lives in his neighborhood, and who, by reason of his wealth and education, is regarded as entitled to control by the ignorant . Those who are educated and wealthy among them adopt European customs.

Answer 22

William H. Taft

Question 23

a group of timawas who owed allegiance to the aristocracy

Answer 23

Maharlikas

Question 24

large lower class group of dependent and landless alipins.

Answer 24

Alipins

Question 25

has has been indicated in the previous chapters, come from the small upper strata minority. They consist of the educated, wealthy or well-to-do groups who command prestige and deference, mainly because of the superordinate socio-economic status they occupy.

Answer 25

The influentials

Question 26

has defined ’bureaucratic capitalists’ as ’elite capitalists who are actually officials in the government’

Answer 26

Fred Riggs

Question 27

are peasants who constitute the rural
laborers of the Islands. They are the largest group in number, but provide the smallest count in the matter of education. Hard workers in the fields, although often paid barely living wages, they are resigned to their lot, if not stirred by leaders to violence.

Answer 27

taos