modern principalia Flashcards
Right’ leaders
Saint Simon
Scientific priesthood
Comte
Leaders of social forces
Mosca
Superior’ being
Pareto
The men who occupy the institutional command posts
C. Wright Mills
Ruling Class
Karl Marx
shall be made to refer to those individuals who are ’holders of high positions in a given society
Elite
is theoretically independent of the class concept.
Elite concept
emphasizes the membership of an individual, who occupies a high position in the functional hierarchy, in a social class hierarchy.
socio-economic elite
refers to the ’power holders of a body politics and includes the leadership and the social formations from which leaders typically come.
political elite
The Initial policy of the Spaniards in consolidating their political control was the adoption of the
encomienda system.
Under the encomienda system, vast areas of lands were apportioned among ’loyal and deserving’ Spaniards who became known as
encomenderos.
were placed under the control of the encomenderos and were forced to pay tribute
Indios
The Spaniards had to utilize force and religion.
Priest and soldier, cross and sword, were both employed.
Subjugation
This ’service rendered by the encomenderos to the religious facilitated the ___- of the Filipinos. The friars concentrated first on the children of the datus and then on the datus themselves
conversion
The Spaniards decided to utilize the members of the native upper class to assist the central government in administering the villages.
collaboration
started to manifest itself as a definite settlement pattern when the Spaniards built their churches in centrally-located areas and wanted the Filipinos to be resettled ba.jo de campana (literally, ’under the bells’)
Cabecera complex or Philippine plaza complex
As it developed in the Philippines, broadly means “boss rule”
Caciquism
We find in the Philippine Island with two generally large elements :
- Gente ilustrada, which is the cultivated class,
- Gente ba.ja, or the subordinate class
Governor of Ilocos Sur, described the masses as ’very docile and obedient to constituted authorities and so timid that, although they suffer vexation from the persons who exercise some authority in their towns, they seldom complain
Don Mena Crisologo
the Spanish bishop of Vigan, a Dominican friar, said in a testimony before an American committee that ’the natives [caciques] are always prone to abuse their authority. If someone here is not above them [justifying priestly domination] they will abuse their authority all the time… They are terrible to their own people .
Don Joaquin Ortega
described caciquismo as the ’subjection of the ordinary uneducated Filipino to boss or master who lives in his neighborhood, and who, by reason of his wealth and education, is regarded as entitled to control by the ignorant . Those who are educated and wealthy among them adopt European customs.
William H. Taft
a group of timawas who owed allegiance to the aristocracy
Maharlikas
large lower class group of dependent and landless alipins.
Alipins
has has been indicated in the previous chapters, come from the small upper strata minority. They consist of the educated, wealthy or well-to-do groups who command prestige and deference, mainly because of the superordinate socio-economic status they occupy.
The influentials
has defined ’bureaucratic capitalists’ as ’elite capitalists who are actually officials in the government’
Fred Riggs
are peasants who constitute the rural
laborers of the Islands. They are the largest group in number, but provide the smallest count in the matter of education. Hard workers in the fields, although often paid barely living wages, they are resigned to their lot, if not stirred by leaders to violence.
taos
