PACES Cardio Flashcards
Causes of aortic stenosis
Bicuspid <65
Calcification >65
Post rheumatic
Infective endocarditis
Differentials of aortic stenosis
Sclerosis- no radiation, normal character
HOCM
Pulmonary stenosis
ASD- due to increased flow across pulmonary
When to repair AS
Symptomatic or
Pressure gradient >40, valve are <1cm2
Advantage and dis of TAVI over open surgery
No bypass needed, no large scar
Higher risk of stroke
Cause of aortic regurgitation
Rheumatic fever
IE
DIssectioon
Root- Ehlers Danlos, Marfans, seronegative arthropathies
When to surgically manage AR
Symptomatic
Pulse Pressure >100
EF <50%
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatoid
Congenital
LA myxoma
Sx of mitral stenosis
SOB, malar flush
Irregular irregular
Tapping
Murmur- Mid diastolic, apex, expiration
Causes of mitral regurgitation
Ischaemic- papillary ruptur
Marfans
Rheumatic fever
Ehlers Danlos
Cardiomyopathy
Mx of MS
Surgical
Medical- HF, AF
Reduce afterload- ACEi, BB
Differentials for Pansystolic
Mitral regurg
Tricuspid regurg
VSD
ASD
Differentials for diastolic murmurs
Early - Aortic regurg
Pul Regurg
Mitral and tricuspid stenosis - mid
Scars in cardio
Sternotomy- aortic/mitral valve replacement
Thoracotomy- valve repair or replacement
Pacemaker
VAT- rare in cardio
Reasons for ICD
Congenital- long QT, Brugada, HOCM
Acquired- severe HF, past VF, long QT
Cardiac systems review questions in history
Chest pain
SOB- on exertion, how far can you walk
Orthopnoea- how many pillows
Palpitations
Ankle swelling
Syncope
